25G ANNUAL llErOllT OF THE Off. Doc. 



I)ound steer of twenty-seven and one-third cents. Let me take you 

 over a fifteen year period in Chicago, all of the cattle of all kinds 

 that went over the scales in fifteen years. The 1,500 pounds steer 

 averaged $5.51 per hundred while the 900 pounds steer averaged 

 $4.25, a difference of |1.2() or a total gain of twenty-one cents per 

 hundred pounds. Now you can see there is a fixed rule by which 

 the heavier cattle, the more finished and heavier, make a good gain 

 in price per hundred pounds, and so it will be up to you to de- 

 termine when you want to let go of your cattle. If you carry them 

 to the finished period you may depend on a good price and a fair 

 profit. 



I don't know that I have covered this subject, but I believe in 

 the success of beef cattle, that they can be profitably produced, not 

 only in Ohio, but I believe they can be profitably produced in Tenn- 

 sylvania. And I want to say this to the young men who are present: 



"And I have said and I say it ever, 



As the years go on and the world goes over, 

 'Twere better to be content and clever 



In the tending of cattle and the tossing of clover, 

 In the grazing of cattle and the growing of grain. 

 Than a strong man striving for fame or gain." 



P.EEF CATTLE— THEIK EELATION TO PENNSYLVANIA 



AGRICULTURE 



By PROF. W. A. COCHEL, State College, Pa. 



The function of Beef Cattle in Pennsylvania, as in all other 

 states, is to convert the crops grown on the farm into a more con- 

 centrated and palatable product for human consumption. In great 

 areas of the West beef cattle are used as a means of marketing grass 

 which would otherwise have no value. Coming farther East they 

 are used in the corn-belt to market surplus corn and clover. As 

 the preceding speaker has clearly pointed out, they must be handled 

 with a minimum amount of labor if they prove profitable. In our 

 own State we should first consider the feeds which we have at our 

 dis])osal, of which grass constitutes by far the larger part. In ad- 

 dition, we have an abundance of roughage in tlie form of clover^ 

 mixed hay, cornstalks and straw. Grain is not produced in so large 

 l»roportion as roughage, hence we should try to produce such beef 

 as can be made largely on rough feeds with a minimum amount of 

 grain. Fortunately the local demand does not call for the thick, 

 heavily fattened animals which can only be produced from a long 

 period of full feeding on concentrated feeds, but for "good killers" 

 and "butcher stuff"" which would require from sixty to ninety days 

 feeding to make them "prime." These two factors fit very nicely 

 together and indicate that the Pennsylvania feeder is fortunate in 



