No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 375 



thorough enough to control all the codling moth. Next year we 

 intend to make our Lime-sulphur much weaker probably 1 to 70 

 and resort to a thorough drench iug of the tree as soon as the blos- 

 soms fall in order to coue]-ol the codling moth. 



We tried making our own concentrated Lime-Sulphur, but cussed 

 •t and quit. We had — the picnic of our lives. Your Prof. Stewart 

 told us all about it at one of our meetings, how nice and easy it 

 was to do. He told us how to cook it. We tried it in the basement 

 of the creamery. It fumigated the creamery all right. Just about 

 the time we had it all nicely cooked, for some i-eason it would boil 

 over, and half of the contents of the barrel would be on the floor and 

 sailing down the sewer before we could catch it. Someone has to 

 boil it. I am willing to let the other fellow do it. 



MANAGEMENT OF 700 ACliE ORCHARD FOR ONE YEAR 



By MR. COHILL. 



Again it is my j^leasure to address this Association, continuing 

 our talk of the preceding day to the culminating phase of orchard- 

 ing, its management. 



This is an exceedingly broad subject and my object in view is 

 to give simply and briefly the essential points of the management 

 of a 700-acre orchard for one year. It would be the work of volumes 

 to enter minutely upon the details of orchard management and my 

 idea is to speak in general upon the essentials. Any points on which 

 my assistance ma}^ be of aid to you, I would be only too glad to 

 help you if I can. Don't hesitate to interrupt me at any time. 



I want to bring out a point in Mr. Frazer's talk, which covers 

 our conditions, regarding potato culture in an orchard. We allow 

 our men to have patches. Usually they plant potatoes, with the re- 

 sult that the fruit we harvested (the first three crops) was practi- 

 call}^ worthless, hardly any value at all. Other jjlaces, where ferti- 

 lizer, manure and cover crops were used, we had almost the same 

 result, and it looks to us as if we would either have to grow^ fruit 

 or potatoes. We plant the trees so close, 20 feet apart, that it is 

 not profitable to raise anything between them. 



We pay our laboring men $1.50 per day, 15 cents an hour, and 

 furnish married men with a house costing about $600.00 or |700.00, 

 then charge them rent covering the interest, or $4.00 ])er month. 

 We, also, give them truck patches, furnish them with wood, horse 

 to drive to town, etc. 



PRUNING 



It is very important that young trees get proper pruning for 

 much depends upon it in the future. In many orchards improper 

 pruning is practiced, while in others no pruning whatever is done. 



