No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 437 



In the experiment referred to we liave compared manure taken 

 from the open yard with that removed directly from the stall to the 

 field, each in its natural state and also re-enforced with a carrier 

 of phosplioriis. As re-enforcing materials we have used the ordinary 

 acid phosphate and raw rock phosphate, both of which have proven 

 fo be equally effective; a very slight advantage appearing in favor 

 (»f the acid phosphate. 



permane:n't pastures and meadows 



By W. D. ZINN, Phillippi, W. 7a. 



Ladies and Gentlemen: I think the Chairman said Professor when 

 introducing me. 1 do not know whether to respond to that or not. 

 1 am a farmer, not a professor. 



Friends, I am very glad to meet so many of the up-to-date farmers 

 of Pennsylvania. I ain sure you are all up-to-date farmers. 

 They are the ones that attend the State meetings. As I look into 

 your faces and see the interested expressions I ax>preciate being with 

 you. That reminds me of a story they tell on a local preacher in my 

 community. He always introduced his remarks like this: "My 

 friends, I am glad to be here this morning, and I am very glad to 

 see so many of you here." Finally he was invited to j)reach in the 

 penitentiary and he began his remarks in the usual way: "My 

 friends, I am glad to be here, and I am very glad to see so many of 

 you here." 



I am to talk a little while about Permanent Pastures. I come 

 from an agricultural state, if you will permit me to call it such. 

 You mav think it a mountain state, a state of mountains and hills. 

 We have them there. We do not have very much level land, and 

 3'et there are some places where you can find as many as five acres 

 of level land unbroken by mountain or hill. 



Only recently I attended a Stockmen's meeting in my own state, 

 a unique affair. A gentleman who had been shipping cattle for 

 about twenty years or more, shipping export cattle, gave a dinner. 

 He had selected a show steer that he had bought, and having pur- 

 chased forty thousand or more, and we had a real ox roast. I took 

 a census of that meeting and I found those present (SO in number) 

 represented five thousand seven hundred cattle; mostly export cattle. 

 That is, these men there grazed that many cattle. Out of that num- 

 ber of cattle but twelve hundred were grained during the winter; the 

 balance were fattened on the blue grass. I make this explanation 

 that you can understand that we have some blue grass in West Vir- 

 ginia, but not as much as we should have, and we have not taken 

 the care of it we ought. But we like l)lue grass, friends, because 

 we think it is a pretty easy way to make a living, and we West 

 Virginians don't like to work any more than we can help. They turn 

 the cattle out in the Spring and see that they have water when they 

 want it and that is about all the work many of the farmers there 

 do. I know of farmers keeping one hundred cattle and not paying 



