No. T. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 453 



1. The absence of co-operation and business methods on the part 

 of the producer in selling the products, selecting and raising cows 

 for the herd. 



2. The purchasing of too much feed at high prices instead of 

 adopting a more intensive system of farming and producing most of 

 the food on the farm. 



3. Because we are nearly all keeping a low percentage of cows 

 that are worse than useless, that are eating up the profits earned by 

 the better individuals of the herd. They can easily be detected by 

 means of the scales and the Babcock test, and if removed from the 

 herd the net profit of the herd will be increased. 



We do strongly urge that methods be adopted by those in charge 

 to as rapidly as possible put within reach of all dairymen the oppor- 

 tunity of getting the much needed information and training that will 

 enable them to increase the productivity of their herds. 



We are glad to say, in the absence of definite statistics, that we 

 believe that the average per head output of the cows of Pennsylvania 

 has been somewhat increased in recent years. Surely there is a de- 

 cided increase in the interest manifested in individual butter and 

 milk records, by the more enterprising dairymen and stock breeders. 

 We cannot too strongly urge that the dairy be replenished by rais- 

 ing well selected calves from cows that have proven themselves profit- 

 able producers, sired by pure bred sires of families showing good 

 and profitable records. Calves so selected are well worth the ex- 

 penditure of all the cost of raising them well and the lottery of 

 breeding is largely eliminated. 



Summoning up conditions as we see them it appears that there is 

 a decidedly increased demand for dairy products without a corre- 

 sponding advance in prices paid, and if these conditions must con- 

 tinue as they probably will, it becomes necessary that we study 

 more thoroughly the breeding and selection of our herds, their more 

 economical feeding and stabling. The best and most sanitary meth- 

 ods of handling and marketing their products so that we reduce the 

 cost to the minimum, for there is nothing more certain than that 

 Pennsylvania's acres will, in a few years, be taxed to their utmost 

 to feed the people. 



In connection with this report I want to read you an extract from 

 a book entitled, "Education and Efficiency," by E. Davenport, Dean 

 of the College of Agriculture and Director of the Agricultural Ex- 

 periment Station of the University of Illinois. The book is pub- 

 lished by D. C. Heath & Son, Boston, Massachusetts. The extract is 

 as follows: 



"AN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIVE. 



"It is not enough that Agriculture should be profitable. In its development 

 it must also become in the very near future enormously productive. How 

 pressing this point will shortly become few people are able to realize, so 

 abundantly have the virgin soils of this country produced in the past, so bound- 

 less have been their extent, and so small has our population been almost up 

 to the present day. A little careful consideration, however, will speedily show 

 that conditions in this respect are to undergo a fundamental change in the 

 very near future indeed. 



"Under good conditions, the human animal can double his numbers every 

 twenty-five years. By the aid of emigration and despite the ravages of four 

 wars, we have maintained this rate of increase in this country since the 

 Revolution and the population of the United States has doubled four times 

 in the last hundred years. If we maintain this rate of increase for another 

 century — and something is wrong if we do not — if we maintain this rate of 

 increase we should have in this country a hundred years from now no less 



