No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 4r.o 



sumer; and, of course, that is the thing for the producer to do when 

 he can. But I am very well satisfied that there were Winesaps, Spies 

 and old-fashioned Rambos which appealed to me as much as anything 

 I have seen and if they went on exhibition at that great fruit store 

 in Philadelphia alongside what they consider the choicest products 

 of the apple countries of the United States, that they would stand 

 up with all of them as to quality, appearance and taste and as to the 

 mode of packing. After all, that is the great appeal to the eye. It 

 occurred to me that the Italian's method of spitting on the apple 

 and rubbing with his kerchief was apparent on some of the boxes, 

 but on the whole I think they were pretty fair. 



But there must be discrimination. This can be overdone by planting 

 your apple trees in the right soil. The soil specialists tell you now 

 they can put an augur in the ground and pull it out and tell you not 

 only to plant apples but what kind. They say, there is the place for 

 the Baldwin apple and you can see from the exhibition over there 

 that there are soils that give color to the Baldwin, its natural color, 

 its distinctive color; and that there are soils which fail to give that 

 color. I saw apples there that were as distinct in color as it was 

 possible to be and yet both laT)eled Baldwins. One of my friends 

 gave me a Perry county Baldwin grown on a farm that probably cost 

 him ten dollars an acre and I suppose he would not take one thousand 

 dollars an acre for it now if he has it covered with Baldwin apples 

 and the product is equal to the sample which he gave me last night. 

 Indeed 1 heard of a gentleman this morning — T could hardly grasp 

 it — who had paid fourteen hundred dollars for an Adams county 

 farm and had refused fifty thousand dollars for it the other day 

 simply because it was covered with apple trees. It was in the apple 

 belt. It was producing and ready to make him — well, at least, prob- 

 ably ten per cent, on what he had held his farm at and four hundred 

 per cent. — more nearly one thousand per cent, on what he had in- 

 vested. So it is worth while for Pennsylvania to persevere. 



We are just on the verge of the revolution in our horticulture 

 product, and particularly with that portion of horticulture which 

 relates to Pomology, and I hope to see the time come when I will have 

 to take back all I ever said about Pennsylvania not being equal to 

 New York in regard to its fruit products. At the time it was said, 

 of course, it was true but it is not true today and I am more and 

 more convinced as we see the results of our experiments and the good 

 work that has been done by the Department of Agriculture and co- 

 operated with the State College in its extension work, I am more and 

 more satisfied that we are on the very verge of a complete revolu- 

 tion and a successful revolution along this line. And it is true that 

 horticulture in its other branches is just as important, and we have 

 the soil that will make it just as successful. We have the best home 

 markets in the world. Our census shows that it is, that we have in 

 Pennsylvania the best home markets in the world. We have more 

 cities of twenty-five thousand inhabitants and upwards than any 

 State in the United States. New York has a number of cities that 

 are larger than the majority of our cities, but we have more cities 

 that are utterly dependent upon the region immediately surrounding 

 them and they give to the regions surrounding these cities splendid 

 home markets. And so we want to specialize not only along the 

 line of Pomology but all along the lines of horticulture. We bring 

 our lettuce— I am eating lettuce at home that probably comes from 



