356 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OflF. Doc. 



cold water on hand to run tlirougli the pipes, and the pipes so ar- 

 ranged that the icv will not arch. Willi such an arrangement you 

 can be reasonably sure of drawing water at 'M\ degrees cooling milk 

 to 10 degrees. Ihe leui]>erature of the vault in which to place the 

 milk until shipment should not be higher than 42 degrees. 



Some years ago the Dairy Division at Washington sent a man 

 to make inspection and report upon a prominent creamery firm, 

 as to why they were enabled to get more than an ordinary price 

 for their butter. The report said that the superiority oi" this butter 

 depended to a large extent upon the ability of the firm to find buyers 

 to buy it. In my own observation there were two other reasons: 

 Its absolute uniformitj" in texture and its splendid keeping qualities. 

 Thase were due in no small measure to the care and cleanliness in 

 its production, and the attractive manner in which it was always 

 packed. 



Can we educate ourselves to judge a lu-ofi table cow? Yes, to some 

 extent, but we older ones will have to turn our education in another 

 direction and make a positive record of her production before we 

 can expect to succeed. 1 find many instances where even daily tabu- 

 lation of milk production is made and the owner does not find time 

 to make out the vearlv record. The man who thinks he can know 

 the yearly production of any of his cows, with their butter, fat and 

 feed record, without keeping an actual record of same, is under 

 a delusion, and might as well try to keep in his head the account 

 of the money paid his hired help. This work is a positive necessity', 

 and if one does not find the time to do it himself he should turn to 

 a cow testing association, by which in the majority of cases it can 

 be done more accurately and cheaply than by the farmer himself has 

 a Varietv of other interests to look after. 



Is not the fact significant that where Wisconsin with 998,000 

 cows has twelve cow testing associations, Pennsylvania with 943,000 

 cows has but two. 



Michigan with 563,000 cows — six cow testing associations. 



Maine with 173,000 cows — seven cow testing associations. 



Vermont with 107,000 cows— nine cow testing associations. 



I take notice that outside of the corn belt, they have been com- 

 pelled to look for things to cheapen the cost of milk production, and 

 naturally turn to the silo and dairy testing. 



Just in the same proportion as the cost of this mdlk depends upon 

 the little things that have to be done every day, so does the yearly 

 record depend to as large an extent upon the persistency of a cow 

 milking, as upon her to giving a large amount at the time she freshens. 



The yield per cow must not be guessed at. The average per cow, 

 census of 1900, for Pennsylvania is 5,160 pounds per year. Generally 

 sijeaking, the cost per quart of milk increases as the amount produced 

 decreases. In other words, a cow giving 10,000 pounds of milk per 

 y^ar, will produce milk cheaper quart per quart than a cow giving 

 5,000 ijounds. 



In any case, low producing cows are expensive milk makers, and 

 must be ousted from dairies where ]irofits are made. 



Successful dairying depends upon the quality of the cows kept, 

 that is their individual producing capacity; upon the ability of the 

 dairyman to grow on his own farm the bulk of the feed consumed 

 and upon the application of business principles to the industry. 



