592 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



of glass devoted to llie growing of lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers. 

 The bouses are large aud provided witb tbe Skinner system of irri- 

 gation so tbat tbe cost of operation bas been reduced to a minimum. 

 Tbis overhead system of watering bas also been installed for most 

 of tbe work out of doors, Jt bas revolutionized tbe work on this 

 farm of eighteen acres where intensive methods have been used for 

 many years. Manure is employed most freely. It is customary 

 to apply horse manure from tbe livery stables at tbe rate of fifty 

 tons per acres annually, both in tbe open and under glass. With 

 such liberal application tbe returns have been large and satisfac- 

 tory. 



One of the best crops on tbe Euetenik place is celery. Tbe crop 

 is grown on a large scale for marketing from late July until Christ- 

 mas. All of the plants are started under glass, spraying at short in- 

 tervals to control blight. For the early crop, plants are set in the 

 open ground after danger of bard frosts. As soon as possible after 

 planting, fresh manure from the livery stables is applied as a mulch 

 between tbe rows at tbe rate indicated. It is customary to allow 

 tbe manure to remain in small piles for a few days before applying. 

 When used at the rate of fifty tons per acre the mulch is about five 

 inches deep mid-way between the rows, sloping gradually to the 

 plants. Tbis mulch conserves moisture in the most effective way and 

 also furnishes a liberal supply of plant food when the water is ap- 

 plied by means of tbe above ground system. This plan of culture has 

 been signally successful both witb the early and late crop and it 

 has been rapidly extended in the Cleveland district as well as in 

 other parts of tbe United States. 



Long Island bas long been known as one of the most intensive 

 market gardening sections of the United States. One eight-acre 

 garden near Brooklyn gives steady employment during tbe summer 

 to thirteen men. llie most largely grown crops in tbis garden are 

 beets, lettuce, radishes, carrots and other crops Avbich may be plant- 

 ed close together. Ordinarily the roAvs of crops which are worked 

 witb wheel hoes are not more than ten inches apart. On most 

 farms, however, twelve inches are alloAved between rows. In the 

 intensive gardens it is quite customary to start a second crop be- 

 fore the first crop has been removed. Manure is used with tbe 

 greatest freedom and thorough tillage is given throughout the season. 

 At the east end of Long Island is located Mr. L. H. Halleck, who is 

 one of tbe most extensive market gardeners on the island. He cul- 

 tivates 80 acres of land and gives employment to 40 or more men. 

 The men are cared for in neat colony houses, coming together for 

 their meals in a central boarding house which is managed by Mr. 

 Halleck. There are few establishments in the country which the 

 bandied as skillfully as that of Mr. Halleck. Fertilizers and manures 

 are used extensively on tbe Halleck farm. All supplies are brought 

 to the farm by steam boats operated by Mr. Halleck and all vegetables 

 are taken to market by means of tbe same boats. A full line of market 

 gardening crops are grown at this place. 



There are many operations about Boston to interest horticultur- 

 ists. The work in New England is intensive and there are many 

 skillful growers. Manure is used with freedom and many growers 

 also resort to the use of commercial fertilizers. A general line of 



