No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 643 



Bordeaux mixture often russets the fruit and injures the foliage 

 of many varieties of apples and its use in the early part of the season 

 should, therefore, be avoided as much as possible. 



Lime-suphur solution, diluted so as to contain four pounds of 

 sulphur in each fifty gallons of spray, is a good substitute for Bor- 

 deaux mixture in the treatment of apple scab and some other dis- 

 eases, and will not materially russet the fruit nor injure the foliage. 

 The concentrated solution may be purchased from the factory and 

 diluted at the rate of 1^ gallons to 50 gallons of water, or it may 

 be prepared at home. 



This fungicide will control apple scab, fruit spot, leaf-spot, and 

 cedar rust, fully as well as Bordeaux mixture, but has not as yet 

 proved to be as satisfactory for bitter rot. Where it is necessary 

 to spray for this disease, the early lime-sulphur applications for scab 

 may be followed at the proper time with Bordeaux for bitter rot, 

 thus avoiding the russet and yet controlling the rot. There is also 

 some doubt about the efliciency of lime-sulphur in controlling apple 

 blotch and where this disease is bad Bordeaux should be used. 



Arsenate of lead may be safely and successfully used in com- 

 bination with the dilute lime-sulphur solution for the control of the 

 codling moth and other insects. 



The course of treatment best suited to orchards in Pennsylvania 

 and adjacent districts may be outlined as follows: 



Use the commercial lime-sulphur at a strength of 1| gallons to 

 50 gallons of water, or an equivalent strength of the home-made 

 preparation, with the addition of 2 lbs. of arsenate of lead in each 50 

 gallons of spray. Spray the varieties subject to apple scab: (1) 

 as soon as the buds have ofjened, just before blooming; (2) as soon 

 as the petals fall, beginning when they are two-thirds otf ; (3) three 

 to four weeks later; and (4) nine to ten weeks after the petals have 

 been shed. The first application of this outline may be omitted 

 from varieties that are not subject to serious scab infections. 



Where it is necessary to spray for bitter rot the first three ap- 

 plications of Bordeaux mixture at intervals of two weeks, beginning 

 about June 25th to July 1st, 



In mild cases of apple blotch the lime-sulphur treatment would 

 probably be sufficient; but in severe cases two or three applications 

 of Bordeaux will be required; the first to take the place of the third 

 in the above outline and the others to follow at intervals of two 

 weeks, 



SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURES FOR PEACH DISEASES 



Owing to the susceptibility of peach foliage to injury by appli- 

 cations of fungicides, the peach grower has been practically power- 

 less to combat the diseases affecting the fruit and foliage. The use 

 of Bordeaux mixture has been frequently attempted and in some 

 eases, especially in dry seasons, the results have been satisfactory, 

 but as a rule the injury produced by this and other copper fungicides 

 is so great as to prohibit their use on the peach. 



The efforts of the United States Department of Agriculture during 

 the past few years, to develop and perfect a satisfactory fungicide 

 for use on the peach during the growing season, have been crowned 

 with unusual success. We have found that a preparation known 



