410 STATE BOAED OF AGRICULTURE. 



wise the drain, with the small end toward the outlet. I have known stone 

 drains, made as above described, to work well, but I have had no experience 

 with brush drains. 



COST OF UNDERUEAIXAGE. 



The cost of tile at the brick kiln near Lansing is as follows : Two-inch tile 

 costs $12.50 per one thousand pieces; three-inch tile costs $16.00 per one 

 thousand pieces; four-inch tile costs 130.00 per one thousand pieces; which 

 would be per rod, for the two-inch tile about 21 cents ; for the three-inch tile, 

 about 20 cents ; for the four-inch tile, about 50 cents, as each tile is one foot in 

 length. It is commonly estimated that two-inch tile can be made with a good 

 living profit for $11.00 to 811.50 per one thousand, so the rates should not 

 differ much from those at Lansing near any manufactory within the State. 

 Where the cost of transportation is very great, the expense of the tile 

 will be considerably increased. The cost of two-inch tile delivered will be 

 assumed $15.00 per one thousand or 25 cents per rod, which allows $2.50 per 

 one thousand to pay cost of delivery ; the cost of three-inch tile delivered will 

 be assumed at $18.00 per one thousand, or 30 cents per rod; of four-inch, 

 delivered, about 55 cents per rod, in the following table. 



The cost of digging, witli labor at one dollar jier day, is estimated by A\"aring 

 to average for drains four feet deep, 29 cents per rod, and for laying and filling 

 7 cents per rod. At the same rate per yard a drain 3 feet deep would cost for 

 digging 181 cents per rod, and for filling 4 cents per rod. 



Gen. Gilmore gives the cost of cutting and filling a drain two feet deep, with 

 labor at one dollar per day as 15 cents per rod ; this, when covered with the 

 earth scraped in from the side channels, would, for a roadbed 25 feet wide, be 

 made nearly three feet deep. Henry F. French estimates the cost of the 

 cutting and filling of a drain four feet deep 33-J cents per rod ; of a drain three 

 feet deep, 20f cents. The drains should be dry and laid before the turnpiking 

 is done, thus saving the cost of digging through the earth scraped into the 

 center of the road. The drains can be filled in all cases with the road scraper. 



The following table of costs is based on estimates of French ; it might have 

 been extended to cover drains in a variety of soils, as in the preceding table 

 relating to cost of turnpiking, but it was thought that the average would be 

 sufficiently accurate : 



