FARMERS' IXSTITIJTES. 193 



room they will utilize. Boxes, tier upon tier, may be placed above the hive ; 

 and yet, if the bees for any cause fail to enter them, they are as effectually 

 balked in their industry, providing there is no other space, as though there 

 were no boxes. This is one of the most common causes of that outside cluster- 

 ing, which is so repellant to the instincts of the bees and so vexatious to the 

 apiarist. The remedy, then, is to always provide in time of honey secretion 

 abundant room for storing; and if boxes are used place them very near the 

 brood combs, and if necessary introduce a little comb with uncapped brood in 

 it, so that the bees may enter them. If they will not enter them, some other 

 arrangement must be adopted, such as making use of long hives, or half or full 

 upper stories, in which frames may be placed. 



The third evil, — too great heat in the hive, — may be easily overcome. We 

 have only to arrange so that our hives may be shaded during the heat of the 

 day. This should never be neglected. I have often set a full cluster of bees 

 vigorously at work simply by placing a board a foot or more above the hive, 

 thus tempering the intense heat of the interior. Let no apiarist longer persist 

 in the habit of leaving his bees unprotected. Let mercy as well as profit urge 

 liim, either by use of friendly tree, evergreen, grape-vine, or boards, to see that 

 his liives are shaded from nine to four o'clock, especially as the heated days of 

 May and June send aslant their scorching rays. 



The remedy for the fourth trouble, — cjuccnless colonies, — has already been 

 answered while speaking of queens. 



The last point to be urged is to always keep our colonies gushing full of bees. 

 It is with bees in a colony like children in a home. You can't have too many. 

 Then robbing is unknown, the bee-moth impotent to do harm, while the gather- 

 ing of stores is so rapid as to make the apiarist rejoice with exceeding joy. To 

 secure populous colonies, we have only to follow the advice already given, and 

 supplement this course by preventing swarming, or at least cutting it short after 

 .our second swarms. The greatest argument in favor of artificial colonies (and 

 is a powerful one) is, that we may thus keep all our colonies strong. 



Were I asked to give the golden rule for bee-keepers, I would answer, keej) 

 the colonies strong. 



EVENING SESSION. 

 This session commenced with an address by Mr. C. W. Garfield, on 



TRANSPLAXTIKG FOR THE FARM, GARDEN, AND ORCHARD, 



of which the following is an abstract : 



The practical man may through his experience learn how to handle certain 

 trees in transplanting, but unless he gets at some general knowledge of plant 

 structure and growth he has no general principles that will serve him anywhere 

 and everywhere in this very important operation. 



The seedling tree of one year when taken up is found to have a root system 

 .similar||to the top, — a main trunk with very few laterals. Still, if it be washed 

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