194 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



out with care, the Avhole surface of this trunk root is seen to be covered with 

 rootlets and root hairs, Avhich serve as feeders. If the plant be pulled up ruth- 

 lessly, the system of feeders is entirely destro3'ed. This may not generally be 

 disastrous with a seedling because the proportion destroyed is not very large. 

 But when the tree gets older, the roots that act in supplying food are all some 

 distance from the body of the tree ; and really, as trees are ordinarily taken 

 up, the major portion of the root system is left in the ground. This is true 

 whether the tree is of the chestnut type, — having a leading tap root, — or of the 

 maple type, — having fibrous roots extending in every direction. 



The tree which by elision has been deprived of so many of its roots that it has 

 only power left to granulate the scars, without throwing out any feeders, starves 

 to death, Avhile the tree that is transplanted in full leaf continues the process of 

 evaporation rapidly, and as tlie mouths are cut off, il dies of thirst. 



In advising as to time of planting, the speaker said for this climate he should 

 purchase trees in the fall, heal them in securely where the wounds would granu- 

 late, then set them in place in the spring. 



He would by all means plant young trees with good fibrous roots and never 

 invest in what are advertised by nurserymen as "extra sized trees." 



In the removal of large trees the process of root pruning one year in advance 

 was highly recommended as a matter of safety, and if judiciously practiced tliere 

 need be little danger in transplanting quite large specimens. 



Transplanting is often considered a losing process, to be avoided as far as pos- 

 sible ; but this is not true. The nurserymen and market gardeners adopt it as 

 a method of economy in time and space. 



The transplantation of garden plants was considered, and the speaker quoted 

 from his own experience to show that in putting out garden plants it is not nec- 

 essary to wait for a rainy day, but by use of water and shade the middle of a 

 hot June day need not militate against success. 



Evergreens are more often lost than any other class of transplanted stock, 

 because their roots are so easily injured by sunlight. Success in removing ever- 

 greens is quite certain if the proper day be chosen. There is more in the day 

 than in the month. A moist dark day is the only real suitable one in which to 

 take up an evergreen successfully. 



Mr. Garfield dwelt at some length on the preparation of soil in which to 

 place transplanted stock of any kind. . The size of the hole, he said, made very 

 little difference if the ground was thoroughly fitted for its business. 



One cannot be successful in the business of transplanting without studying 

 the habits of plants. The same set rule will by no means work with all plants. 



The question was asked, " Where would you buy orchard trees?" 



Answer, — I would buy of Avell established nurserymen in your own State, for 

 two reasons : First, to save all the transportation possible, and to secure trees 

 grown under as nearly the same climatic conditions as possible. 



What would you recommend about the removal of evergreens from the for- 

 est? 



Answer. — I would prefer to get trees grown in the nursery, as they will be 

 very much more apt to survive transplantation, and they are now to be procured 

 for very little outlay, if small ones are purchased. But if forest evergreens are 

 to be removed, choose small ones and shade them well the first summer and 

 Avinter. 



The following is the principal part of a paper read by Mr. L, C. Lincoln on 



