250 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



some persons, but while less expensive are rather more dangerous to have 

 around. 



Paris green is rather more efficient than London purple, and being less 

 soluble is not so likely to injure the foliage. When purchased in large quan- 

 tities the cost is little if any more, and if to be used in combination with 

 Bordeaux mixture, as is generally desirable, it is preferable to London 

 purple, as the Paris green itself is quite a valuable fungicide. When used 

 alone, however, the water must be kept continually in agitation to pre- 

 vent it from settling, and as there is less danger of this with London 

 purple it has the preference under those conditions. 



Neither of these arsenites can be used alone in a proper strength upon 

 the peach, except very early in the spring, without danger of burning the 

 foliage. They can, however be added to Bordeaux mixture at the rate 

 of one pound of arsenite to 250 gallons of the mixture, and the lime will 

 serve to neutralize any free acid. If it becomes necessary to use them 

 independent of the Bordeaux, they can be rendered innocuous if one 

 pound of lime is added for each pound of the arsenite. Combined in this 

 way, it can be used even upon the peach, as strong as one pound of London 

 purple, or Paris green to 200 gallons of water. 



Kerosene Emulsion. — This is the best known specific for such insects as 

 obtain their food by sucking it through a tube-like proboscis, although it 

 is fatal to nearly all insects with whose bodies it is brought in contact. It 

 can be readily prepared by heating one quart of soft soap until it becomes 

 liquid, then remove from near the fire and add one pint of kerosene. With 

 a force pump violently agitate the mixture for from three to five minutes until 

 it becomes homogeneous and cream-like throughout. Stirring should not be 

 relied upon, and even when the pump is employed there will be danger 

 from its use if, on standing, the oil collects upon the surface. Every pre- 

 caution should be taken to secure a perfect and stable emulsion for which 

 rapid work is necessary, which should be kept up until a foamy mass is 

 secured. Before using, add six quarts of water, so that the kerosene will 

 be about one sixteenth part of the mass. If soft soap is not at hand, from 

 two to four ounces of hard soap may be used instead. Dissolve it in a quart 

 of hot, soft water, and after bringing it the boiling point, remove from the 

 fire, add the kerosene, and proceed as before. Even more care will be nec- 

 essary in securing a stable emulsion than when soft soap without water 

 was used. 



It should be remembered that, to be effectual, this remedy must be 

 brought in contact with the bodies of the insects, and as the leaves often- 

 times act as a shield, it will need to be applied with considerable force 

 through a fine nozzle in order to produce a mist-like spray. 



Carbolic Acid. — The use of this substance about plum and peach trees 

 seems to prevent the curculioand other insects from depositing eggs. The 

 usual way of applying it is as carbolate of lime, or as " carbolized plaster." 

 A half pint of crude carbolic acid is mixed with about fifty pounds, either 

 of air-slaked lime, or with land plaster (gypsum), and thrown over the 

 trees while the dew is on, about the time the blossoms have fallen. It 

 should be repeated twice at intervals of ten days, or oftener if washed 

 off by rains. 



Carbolic acid can also be used to advantage, combined with kerosene 

 emulsion, for washing the trunks of peach, plum, and other fruit trees, for 

 the destruction of insects; one pint will answer for ten gallons. 



Other Remedies. — For the destruction of aphides, scale, and simi- 



