472 STATE HORTICULTURAL. SOCIETY. 



better balanced tree by having the fruit nearer the body. We pruned any time when 

 we had time and a good, sharp knife. 



What is the best method of grafting old grape vines of worthless varieties^ 



Mr. Snow knew of no method except the cleft method; saw the stock off about two 

 inches below the surface, split and insert the scion, taking care to keep the earth from 

 the cleft. It is simple as grafting a tree. Would do it in the spring about the time 

 the sap starts, or up to the time of the buds opening. 



Mr. Taber grafted by digging up a large root and inserting the scion in the end of 

 the root, wrapping it with clay at the junction, burying the cutting or scion so that 

 only one or two buds appeared above ground, and mulch the ground. If the graft 

 grows take the old one out the following spring. 



Mr. LuTTs: It does not matter so much how the graft is got in. My best success is 

 where the graft is put below the first year's growth; use pruning knife, giving a chance 

 to put in a larger graft. I don't have to drive it in, but just slip in. A good deal 

 depends on how the graft is cared for; we mound up; we shade with a peach-basket 

 until the graft has started for two inches. 



Is there a remedy for the cherry xvorvi? 



Mr. WiLLARD raises a good many cherries, but was never annoyed by any insect 

 inside the fruit. He thought the question had reference to curculio, and if so he 

 would say plant the cherries near plums and they will have no trouble. 



Prof. Slingerland: Doubtless it is curculio. Two years ago I advocated spraying 

 for plum curculio, but am not so much of an advocate for it now. I advocate the 

 jarring method. 



Prof. Green, of the Ohio Experiment Station: We have succeeded in Ohio in 

 keeping curculio insect in check by spraying. We would not go back to jarring, 

 but thmk the two processes can be combined. We jarred occasionally and destroyed 

 the plums by burning. Where pear orchards are grown near plums it is just as nces- 

 sary to spray. We sprayed four times for plums, using Paris green in connection with 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



A Member: Has any one had experience with spraying for the quince curculio, and 

 the time for doing it? 



Mr. Geo. T. Powell: Using Bordeaux mixture with Paris green we kept quinces 

 entirely free, and the fruit was handsome and bright throughout the season. The 

 explanation of failure with plums is because the spraying is commenced too late. We 

 commenced when fruit was about the size of peas, and repeated about every ten days 

 for three or four times; and had to thin about one-half to three-fourths of the fruit. 

 We have had seventy-five per cent of fruit stung by curculio. It is equally true with 

 the cherry; the spraying must commence early. 



Mr. J. J. Harrlson. Painsville, Ohio: I sprayed cherries for three years, and the 

 third year the fruit was perfect. Previously we had always had seventy-five per cent 

 of crop injured by curculio. Subsequently I left the place; my successor did not spray, 

 and two years from the time I left the curculio became very bad, and now the crop is 

 almost entirely destroyed. 



7s Sutton's Beauty a profitable apple to raise for market in western Neiv York/ 

 Mr. Willard: One of .the best apples in the world. 



What are the best fertilizers for vineyards? 



Mr. Woodward: Ashes and bone-dust. 



Mr. Taber: Apply muriate of potash if you do not get wood enough; use potash 

 and bone for fruit. We generally get wood growth enough. 



Mr. Campbell: As a rule use ashes and bone-dust; but there might be cases where 

 suitable manure, well-rotted, would be better. 



Will it x>'(-V to sow oats in a vineyard or among fruit trees at last plowing for 

 fall protection or winter mulch? 



Mr. Spencer: It is my custom to sow rye in the fall and plow under in the spring; 

 soil is clay, heavy and underdrained. We plow under about May 15. Clay is more 

 friable, though last August sowed crimson clover, which is now looking very fairly. 

 In addition I put on bone and muriate of potash. If too much yard manure is applied 

 the grapes will shell some and be wanting in flavor. By using potash and bone you get 

 a better flavored fruit. 



Mr. Woodward: My ideal way of treating a peach orchard is cultivating till the 

 middle of August; then sow to rye and oats, half and half, and it makes a nice crop to 



