EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 267 



additional application can often be used with profit, as, even if the curl is 

 not particularly troublesome, the treatment will be found effective against 

 the rot of the peach, which in wet seasons is so destructive, and by the 

 addition of Paris green the ravages of the cureulio will be lessened. 



SHOT-HOLE FUNGUS— (Sepforia pruni.) 



The disease to which this very distinctive name has been given has, 

 during the past two years, caused the death of thousands of plum trees in 

 the state of Michigan, and yet, had proper precautions been taken, they 

 could have been saved at a cost of not over three cents per tree. 



The leaves of plum trees during July and August are often found pierced 

 with a number of holes about the size of a pinhead, the tissue which filled 

 them having been destroyed by the above fungus, and the dead structure 

 then dropped out. 



In severe cases, the injury to the foliage is so great that all of the leaves 

 upon the trees, except a few at the tips of the branches, drop off, generally 

 before the middle of August. A tree thus denuded of its leaves is in 

 poor condition to ripen its growth and prepare for winter, and not only are 

 the watery, unripened branches injured, but the entire tree is often killed 

 to the ground. If the ravages of the fungus can be checked, the foliage 

 will be able to perform its functions, and the trees will in most cases sur- 

 vive the winter without injury. / 



As a rule, if the trees have been treated with Bordeaux mixture, as rec- 

 ommended for the plum rot, there will be but little injury from the disease. 

 It will be well to spray young trees, that are not yet in bearing, about the 

 middle of July and again early in August, and the spread of the disease 

 can be almost entirely prevented. 



PLUM AND PE.\CH SCA.B.— (Cladosporiuni carpophilum.) 



This fungus is in some seasons quite injurious to the fruits of both of 

 these trees, and it also attacks the leaves and tender shoots of the peach. 



At the time the fruits begin to color, small greenish spots appear; as 

 these spread the centers take on a brown and even a black appearance. 

 When the spots are numerous they unite and may cover the entire surface 

 of the fruits. The De Soto plum and Russian apricots seem particularly 

 subject to this disease; in 1893 the crop was practically ruined by it. Its 

 workings were not noticed until too late to test the efficacy of fungicides. 

 Prof. Pammel reports the disease upon the increase in Iowa, and it may 

 become generally troublesome. 



BROWN SPOT {Helminthosporium carpophilum.) 



In September, 1893, a basket of seedling peaches in a peddler's wagon 

 was noticed to be badly spotted with some fungus, that although it had some 

 slight resemblance to Cladosporium, was manifestly distinct from it. Super- 

 ficial examination failed to reveal any specific spores, and specimens were 

 sent to Prof. Galloway of the Division of Vegetable Pathology at Wash- 

 ington, for identification. He was not familiar with it, however, and was 

 not able to make out any distinctive spores. Dr. Beal had, however, inde- 

 pendently obtained specimens of the disease, and after long and careful 

 search found the spores and was able to identify it as the above disease, 

 The fungus seems to be quite superficial in its workings and the fruits 



