:j40 state board of agricltlture. 



ed with great cave and labeled -with name on each variety, and forwarded by 

 most direct route by rail, sending you notice by what route, so that you can 

 take care of them while fresh. 



As soon as possible, after received, open the packages and i)lace in trenches, 

 and over the roots and part of the body of the trees pack the earth, after put- 

 ting water on them, very tightly around them. If any of tiie trees are dried or 

 shriveled up, when opened, cover the whole tree in a trench for a few days. 



If the trees or plants are in bad condition, when received, notify the nursery 

 man at once and ask him to stand a share of the loss, and he will do it. 



Now take a fair dry day to plant your trees in and don't hurry your work; 

 first make a hole in the ground about two feet deep and two feet square near 

 where your trees are, and they should be on the orchard ground ; fill tiiis hole 

 with water and stir up from the bottom (we suppose this soil is clay loam) the 

 clay till you have a thick batter; now take a sharp knife or a pair of sharp 

 pruning shears and cut off all the ends of the roots smoothly and as soon as 

 done plunge the roots into this hole of batter for a moment, and throw some 

 rich earth into the hole on the old manure and put the tree into the place 

 carefully wliere you intend it to grow, and fill tlie top earth around the 

 roots carefully b}' hand till the hole is nearly filled, and gently press down with 

 the foot, throwing some loose dirt on last, leaving the top of the ground a lit- 

 tle depressed around the tree, and the tree six or eight inches lower than it 

 stood when taken up. Now when your trees are all planted, take your pruning 

 shears, not a knife, and gently clip off all dead and broken limbs and some of 

 the lowest ones, leaving a pretty good head in order that there shall be leaves 

 enough to supply the necessary moisture to the roots. 



After this is done and you ha^'e put some covering over all the wounds made 

 by trimming, prepare a kettle holding about a pailful of strong soft soap, just 

 thin enough to run, and with a stiff brush (the end of a corn broom tied closely 

 is best) to put on the soap with, and paint each tree from the ground up in 

 among the limbs, leaving as much soap on as you can. 



The tree should be set on the nortlieast side of the stake so that you can tie 

 it up if needed. If well set tying will not be required. 



Then plant the ground to corn in rows, both ways, so that the tree will fill 

 the place of one hill of corn. Next cultivate the corn both ways and hoe the 

 trees as well as the corn. When the corn is ripe pick off the ears and leave 

 the stalks standing all winter. Tiie broad leaves and high corn in summer 

 will shade the trees and the stalks will prevent the wind in summer and winter 

 from raking through the orchard and causing the trees to lean. 



Continue the cultivation of trees and corn until your trees are in full bear- 

 ing, manuring the land every fall and plow it in the spring. 



Pear trees will be treated in the same way except that you will plant broom 

 corn among them in drills and give clean culture, leaving the stalks standing. 

 The broom should be cut early and taken out of the orchard to cure, if de- 

 sired for brooms, but if the seed is desired let it nearly ripen and then lop it 

 over and leave until late ; tlien gather leaving the stalks standing until sjiring, 

 when they should be plowed in, manuring at the same time. 



Plums and quinces will be planted and treated in the same way. 



^[any theories have been publislied about the aspect of trees. Now this 

 region is almost one vast plain, where the timber has been removed, and as 

 level as can be, and the only way to change the aspect to get a southern or 

 northern or an eastern exposure is to plant trees on the side that will give the 

 desired aspect. If I should plant one it would be on the south or west side, 



