FAllMEIlS' INSTITUTES. 



443 



we might almost regard them as identical. The Crub-louse (Fig. 11), Piithirius 

 pubis (Leach) receives its common name from its close 

 resemblance in form to tlie crab, and its specific name 

 from the region of its attacks. 



Both of the last-mentioned may be banished by the 

 use of a little mercurial ointment, which is a poison 

 and should be used with care, or of kerosene and sul- 

 phur, which are to be applied to the part of the body 

 attacked. As the eggs will continue to hatch for a 

 time, the application will need to be repeated at inter- 

 vals of six or seven days for two or three weeks. Clean- 

 liness is the great preventive, which in this case is cer- 

 tainly better and vastly more pleasant thau cure. 



The genus IIa3matopinus includes, among many others, the cattle louse, H. 



vituli (Denny), (Fig. 12), the horse louse, 11. eurysternus 

 (Denny) the hog louse, H. suis (Leach), and the dog 

 louse; H. piliferus (Denny), In form these are much 

 like the common head louse. The five-jointed antennae 

 are stout, the eyes are very minute, the head obtuse in 

 front, while the posterior legs are the longest. 



Fig. li.— ckab louse. 



BIRD LICE — MALLOPHAGA. 



These lice, although the sucking tube is replaced by 

 jaws, are nevertheless degraded Hemiptera or bugs. The 

 body is flat and horny, the head is broad, the anteunse, 

 four-jointed. Unlike other bugs, they have both maxil- 



FiG. 1-2.— cATTLK-LousE. lary aud labial palpi. The species are very numerous. 



Nearly all birds have one or more species to annoy them, while the hen has five 



or six. 



REMEDIES. 



The washes already described for fleas are also efficacious in destroying lice. 

 If the decoction of tobacco, or the kerosene and water, is to be used in cold 

 weather on cattle or calves, especially the latter, they should be kept in a 

 warm room, or well blanketed until thoroughly dry. If an ointment made of 

 sulphur, lard and kerosene, be applied to the heads and under the wings of 

 fowls that are annoyed with lice, the latter will soon disappear. The nests 

 should be sprinkled with sulphur, the roosts washed with kerosene, the house 

 and yard sprinkled with carbolic acid solution, and the poultry house fre- 

 quently whitewashed. Persian insect-powder dusted onto, or rubbed into the 

 hair and feathers of animals attacked by lice, will destroy the pests without 

 harm to the animals. Ointments may be easily applied with the common 

 brushes used in grooming horses. No good farmer or fancier will allow his 

 animals to suffer from these enervating parasites, if he but knows of these 

 cheap and effective remedies. During the past season I permitted my poultry 

 and their house and yard to be overspread with countless myriads of these foes 

 to comfort and prosperity — purposely permitted it — that I might learn by 

 actual test, of the difhculty of procuring a riddance. In a few days after 

 inaugurating the measures suggested above the disgusting pests were wholly 

 banished. A little care will work entire prevention ; while but little labor is 

 required to work a radical cure. 



SPIDER-TICKS AND MITES. 



Some of you will remember an old-time disease, happily very rare in our 



