DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY. 43 



■were rather freely sprayed upon the foliage of the following trees and plants 

 ■with the following results: 



On apple the leaves became badly spotted with brown and some turned yel- 

 low and fell off. On the plum the effect was the same. On tame cherry 

 every leaf fell. On peach all the leaves fell and all of the new growth died. 

 On raspberry, potato, and summer and winter squash the poisons did no 

 harm. On corn the leaves were much browned but were not killed, 



PAKIS GREEN AND LONDON PURPLE— EXPERIMENTS WITH. 



These two arsenites as used by the department this season seemed to be 

 equally efficient as insect exterminators, and their effect upon foliage was 

 almost identical. It was no trouble to mix either with water, but the 

 London purple mixed a little the quicker. The Paris green, however, settled 

 much the quicker. Experiments proved that Paris green would settle as 

 much in fifteen minutes as London purple would in an hour and a half. 



Analysis proved the [)oison used to be unadulterated. An adulterated 

 article used by another party gave much trouble in mixing with water and it 

 did little good as an insecticide. London purple that will roll about like oil 

 upon water is an adulterated article unfit for use. 



The application of tlie insecticides to foliage in the above experiments was 

 made almost entirely though the Nixon nozzle, manufactured by A. H. 

 Nixon, Dayton, Ohio, and which gives excellent satisfaction. I know of no 

 other that is equal to this. 



The field force pump (Lockport, N. Y.) we think excellent for spraying 

 large orchards. This runs by gearing attached to the wagon wheel. 



The cjclone nozzle is especially useful in throwing a spray on the under 

 side of the foliage of low bushes. 



A HOUSE FOR THE APIARY. 



The house is three stories — a cellar 7 feet high; first floor 8 feet, and 

 chamber 6 feet at the lowest part. The cellar is for wintering bees ; the 

 rooms above are for honey, extracting, and shop ; the chamber is for general 

 storage. The cellar has two rooms. One, for bees in winter, is 18x24 feet. 

 This is entirely under-ground, with a good stone wall, grouted below and 

 plastered above, with a double floor grouted between — to secure against mice 

 and cold alike, and with the partition wall double, with double doors. At 

 the center of the partition wall a small chimney runs from the bottom of the 

 cellar up to and through the roof. Just within the wall of this room is a 

 small gutter which extends nearly around the room, as seen in the drawing, 

 from one end of a cistern to the under-ground sub-earth ventilation-pipe 

 which runs 200 feet or more under-ground. Thus this pipe of four-inch 

 glazed tile serves for sub-earth ventilation, overflow-pipe for a cellar cistern, 

 and it can be made to empty the cistern and cool the bee-cellar at any time, 

 the water passing through the small gutter. 



In the other room of the cellar, which is 8x24 feet, there is a cistern 8x14 

 feet, and 5 feet high. As will be seen, this extends 2 feet into the bee-cellar, 

 yet the partition is tight, except a small hole just at the bottom, so we may 

 say we have two cisterns — one a small one in the bee-cellar, the other a large 

 one in the other cellar, though they are connected at the bottom. The other 

 room, which is a sort of vestibule for the bee-cellar, has two windows — one 



