u 



DEPARTMENT REPOKTS. 



(1x2) by 2 feet, and stairs to the room above, which are covered by double 

 trap-doors. This room is entirely uader-grouiid, though the outer double 

 door, which is 4 feet wide, is, because of a natural slope of the grouud, on a 

 level with the outside, or else is inclined so we can easily ruu a wheelbarrow 

 into the cellar. The windows may receive light by a half-circular excava- 

 tion, except on the east end where they are entirely above ground. 



Here, then, we have an arrangement by which we can control the tempera- 

 ture perfectly from October to Miy; and from an experience extending now 

 over eight years, I am sure that, with enough good food, bees are entirely 

 safe in such a cellar. By aid of the cistern there is no occasion to use ice to 

 reduce the temperature in spring; and we can, by aid of sub-earth ventila- 

 tion and cistern water, ke^p the temperature Just to our liking all through 

 the winter, with almost no trouble and at no expense. This is no theory: it 

 is demonstrated fact. As the bees can be wheeled into the cellar, their 

 removal to or from the cellar is a very light task. 



On the ground floor, which is on a level with the earth outside, there are 

 three rooms. One on the southwest, 12x15 feet, is for extracting and 

 extracted honey. It has a hard wood floor, wide outer door, and only one 

 thickness of wall, so that in summer it is kept very warm, and so enables us 

 to ripen honey without leaving it in the hive till it is all capped. This is also 

 a demonstrated fact. The joists above are just so wide that they serve as 

 frame supports. The windows are poised with weights, and these and the 

 door have an outer gauze hinged frame. The gauze is so arranged that bees 

 can pass out, but will not enter the room from without. 



A second room on the southeast is also the same size, but is double walled, 

 lathed and plastered. It contains a stove, but has no outer door. It is for 

 comb honey, for an otfice, and has trap doors to cellar stairs. I find that 

 some are not in favor of this room, but I think it very desirable. 



is " 

 .2 2 



Cellar, 7 feet high, 

 grouied on the bot- 

 tom, and plastered 

 with water-liine or 

 ceiled above. 



Cistern. 8 x 14, 

 outside measure, 

 4J^ £t. high. . 





30 feet, uutiiiJe measure. V ^ J 



Fig. 1. Diagram nf cellar. 



REFERENCES AND REMARKS TO FIG. 1. 

 D, 4-feet double doors, 

 i, gutter. 



j, stone wall 4M feet, or all the way up. 

 1, double wall lined with paper. 



M, passageway from cellar, with stone abutments on each side, and level with outside, so a 

 wheelbarrow can be run in and out. 



O, drain of 6-inch tile— Dr. Miller says 10-inch— following the dotted lines 200 feet, and all the way 

 below frost or variable temperature mark. 



W, cellar windows, Lx2X feet, double ; outer glass, and inner wood. Both are hinged above so as 

 to open in easily. 



