HORTICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 125 



Few are aware that the season of growth in most woody plants extends 

 scarcely to midsummer. It is worthy of note that most, if not all, native 

 trees and shrubs cease growing very early in the season. This is no doubt 

 one reason why they are able to endure the winter. Plants which cease to 

 grow early and which mature their wood well are often said to be determi- 

 nate in their growth, while those of opposite habit are said to be indetermi- 

 nate. It is of course apparent that plants of indeterminate growth are not 

 hardy, as a rule. 



A series of careful measurements of growth were made upon various trees 

 and shrubs this year, and the records are presented below. The last date in 

 each case designates the termination of growth for the year. It will be 

 observed that very few of the plants grew until July. This fact is illustra- 

 tion and proof that in our rigorous climate cultivation should stop early, and 

 that it should be vigorous at the opening of the season. There are many 

 -questions concerning the physiology and vital processes of plants which 

 demand such facts as those presented in the following table, when they have 

 been recorded for a period of years and in a number of places. Last year a 

 very extensive series of similar notes and measurements was made upon very 

 many varieties of the vegetable and fruit garden. It is expected that these 

 shall be continued and in time collated. It is probable that facts of great 

 practical importance are to be discovered by this means. 



In making the measurements recorded below, one average shoot was 

 selected on each plant and measured from time to time during the growing 

 season. The drouth may have checked growth to some degree, although it 

 did not become severe until the end of June. Most of the plants stand upon 

 the campus, with no cultivation. A few are younger and stand in the rows 

 of a closely planted arboretum where they receive occasional culture, or in a 

 newly-planted group where the soil is frequently hoed ; these plants are des- 

 ignated by asterisks. 



EECOKDS OF GROWTH. 



Acer dasycarpiim — May 12th, 1 in.; 16th, 2 in.; 25th, 4 in.; June 6th, 7 in.; 13th, 9 in.; 

 20th, 10 in.; 29th, 12 in. 



*Acer Pennsylvanieum — May 12th, 2 in. ; 18th, 4 in. ; 20th, 5 in. ; 26th, 7 in. 



Acer platanoides — May 12th, 3 in. ; 16th, 4 in. ; 20th, 5 in. 



Acer Pseudo-Platanus — May 14th, 6 in. ; 18th, 8 in. ; 26thj 12 in. ; BOth, 13 in. ; June 6th, 

 20 in. ; 13th, 23 in. ; 20th, 24 in. 



Acer rubrum — May 26th, 5 in. ; 30th, 6 in. ; June 6th, 9 in. ; 13th, 10 in. 



Acer spicatum — May 18th, 1 in.; 20tli, 2 in.; 30th, 3 in.; June 6th, 5 in.; 13th, 6 in.; 

 29th, 10 in.; July 5th, 11 in.; 11th, 12 in. 



jEscuIus glabra— May 12th, 5 in.; 14th, 10 in.; 18th, 11 in.; 20th, 12 in.; 26th, 13 m.; 

 Both, 14 in. 



Msculus Hippocastanum — May 5th, 2 in.; 12th, 5 in.; 14th, 7 in.; 20th, 10 in.; 25th, 

 13in.;3Cth, 13 in. 



^sculus parviflora— May 5th, 2 in.; 25th, 6 in.; June 6th, 8 in.; 10th, 9 in.; 16th, 10 

 in. ; 29th, 12 in. 



Alnus glutinosa—M.ay 14th, i in.; 18th, 1 in.; BOth, 2 in.; June 6th, 3 in.; 20th, 4 in. 



*Alnus maritima — May 20th, 1 in. ; 26th, 2 in. : June 1st, 3 in. 



