172 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE BULLETINS. 



patent gearing, which fastens to the wheel of a wagon so that the wagon runs 

 the pump. The entire apparatus costs $30 ; gearing alone, 115, This pump 

 is a great desideratum to one with a considerable orchard, and could also be 

 used with great satisfaction in the potato field in destroying the beetles. It 

 is no small advantage to have the handle worked by horse power. In this 

 thei-e is a separate hose that goes to the bottom of the barrel or tank hold- 

 ing any liquid, and so acts as an automatic stirrer. 



LONDON PUKPLE OR PARIS GREEN FOR CODLING MOTH. 



In Bulletin 14, issued a year ago, I urged, as I have for several years, the 

 value of the arseuites in fighting the codling moth. I only wish to add at 

 this time a few hints that I am sure will be of aid to any who contemplate 

 making use of this excellent remedy. If all would practice it millions of 

 dollars would be saved to our people. 



First, Use London purple or Paris green, and not white arsenic. London 

 purple is cheap, mixes easily, and perhaps is a little less likely than Paris 

 green to blight the foliage if used too freely. 



Second, Apply early, Just after the blossoms have fallen, when the apples 

 are the size of small peas. If we wait longer than this some of the insects 

 will have entered the apples and be beyond reach of harm, and so we shall 

 partially fail of success. 



Third, Use a diluted mixture, not more than one pound of London purple 

 or Paris green to two barrels or 100 gallons of water. If I were to make any 

 change at all it would be to make it more dilute, rather than stronger. If 

 kept stirred, as it should always be while being used, we note that the liquid 

 is evenly colored. This proves that poison is in every drop of water. I have 

 proved repeatedly that the faintest trace of this poison is sure death to the 

 wee insects. So it is not large doses, but thorough distribution that is needed. 

 Not that there is not poison enough on each apple, but that many apples 

 have received no poison at all. If as dilute as recommended above we may 

 scatter so thoroughly as to reach nearly every fruit and yet not scald or blight 

 the foliage. It stands to reason that in using poisons it is always best to use 

 the minimum quantity necessary to success. 



Fourth, Apply the poison with great force. The apples are concealed and 

 protected by many leaves, and to insure contact of the poisonous liquid with 

 the calyx end of each apple, it must be dashed on to the tree with great 

 energy, then it will scatter and every apple will receive the fatal atom and 

 «very larva be killed. The neglect of this caution is why some have only 

 saved 75 per cent of the fruit. I have frequently saved every apple, and that 

 with only one application, but this was in time, and absolutely thorough. 

 Lastly, be sure that the mineral is well mixed. This is best done by grinding 

 first in a little water and then adding the full complement. 



I have already discussed the subject of pumps. There is no question but 

 that the one last mentioned is the pump for the large orchardist. 



No one need fear to use this remedy. If the orchard is used for pasture, 

 stock better be kept out of it for a few days. The poison should never be 

 handled with the bare hands, nor should it be used when there is a wind to 

 blow the spray or dust on to the person using it. But most important of all, 

 be careful where the poison is left. No poison ought ever to be left unlabeled, 

 and poisons ought always to be put where they cannot possibly do any harm. 



