308 FARMERS' INSTITUTES. 



put in the stack, and I would rather have a few hundred bushels of ruta- 

 baga turnips and carrots to feed my stock than any amount of rotten 

 cornstalks. 



Mr. Alexander Wayne: I find no trouble in seeding with wheat or rye if 

 it is properly done, and have raised large crops of clover, but I prefer to seed 

 entirely alone on the third plowing, and have cut as high as two and one-half 

 tons per acre of June clover, Timothy I never sow. The best way is to 

 always seed alone after third plowing, about the last of May. I usually cut 

 two crops of hay and then plow under for corn and potatoes. I never raised 

 roots. Prefer wheat and hay. I have no particular method of rotation but 

 crop till I think it needs seeding. I have not had a soil that is capable of 

 bearing many crops. I generally crop two years before seeding and then 

 mow two years. If hay fails one year I mow another year. Last year the 

 hay crop failed on account of the dry weather, I could dig two feet and a 

 half or three feet into the ground and it would be as dry as ashes. 



President Willits : I would like to ask Mr. Wayne what his soil is? 



Mr. Wayne : My soil is what is termed plains. It is a light gravel streaked 

 ■with heavy gravel. In plowing eighty rods you will probably strike three or 

 four different soils. Some will apparently be soft — a horse will go down — 

 it will probably be six feet across it, but the main soil is an ordinary heavy 

 gravel. 



Mr. Sanders: Any clay? 



Mr. Wayne : I have never plowed any clay up that I know of. I dug a 

 well one hundred and ten feet deep and I have not struck any clay yet. 



President Willits: Did you use any manure ? 



Mr. Wayne: Only on my orchard. 



Mr. Lounsberry : In the county east of this the best farmers always put 

 corn on clover sod and cultivate it, but never summer fallow, as a summer 

 fallow dries out all the vegetable matter in the soil. They always put in 

 after corn, spring wheat and clover, then potatoes, and then spring wheat or 

 barley, seeding with clover for the next corn, and keep going right around 

 in that way. 



Pres. Willits: Never use manure? 



Mr. Lounsberry: No; it is the exception that we can get any fit manure. 



Mr. Reynolds : What follows the corn ? 



Mr, Lounsberry : Their spring wheat, and the sod next year, and pota- 

 toes the next year, and then they seed with spring crops, mostly spring wheat 

 or barley. 



Mr. O'Dell : I suppose I have thrown away about as much clover seed as 

 •any other man in Crawford county. I have tried to get a catch of clover in 

 many ways. With turnips I have always had good luck, but the best seed- 

 ing I ever had was following wheat, when I fitted the land just as I would 

 for wheat again and sowed clover alone. I raised two tons to the acre and I 

 never saw a failure yet in that way. 



Mr. Webber: What time in the fall do you sow ? 



Mr. O'Dell : In August, or as soon as my wheat is off. 



Mr. N. H. Evans then spoke as follows on 



CORN. 



I have raised corn for the last five years, both with and without manure. I 

 liave raised the Dent, Dutton, King Philip, and what is called the Little 



