NOTES ON NOXIOUS INSECTS. 453 



tions apparently the same, yet the insect does not mature until the next 

 spring. 



Now how to fight them? The band method farmers have not time for and 

 will not practice. The hog method is better but does not take all the worms 

 as all wormy apples do not fall for the hog. 



ARSENITES. 



The third remedy and the one I urge is the use of arsenites, London pur- 

 ple or Paris green. I found out in attacking the canker worm that it was 

 effective also for codling moths. 



I had two crab-trees near together, both badly affected with codling moth. 

 One I treated and one I did not. The one that I treated had no wormy 

 apples, while the apples on the other were nearly all wormy. Then to test 

 the presence of poison, as to whether it stays on the fruit so as to make it 

 dangerous as human food, I took a tree and used Paris green to great excess, 

 and five or six weeks later I tested by microscopic examination, and could see 

 no poison. I then took 100 apple eyes to Dr. Kedzie, and he by analysis 

 proved that there was no poison present. 



Where does the poison go to? Many wall papers colored with Paris green 

 are exceedingly dangerous from the constant escape of the poison into the 

 air, and in the open air the winds and rains quickly carry down the poison 

 to the soil, where its influence is so slight as to be of no consequence. As 

 to when to apply: Do not wait until the apple is larger than a pea. How 

 apply? By Whitman's fountain pump, made by J. A. Whitman, of Provi- 

 dence, Ehodelsland. It costs $7.50, and 60 cents for express. This will 

 do for a few trees. For a large orchard a rig costing $20.00 or $30.00 is 

 necessary. A good apparatus is made by Field, of Lockport, N. Y. 



The cyclone nozzle is very valuable for spraying the poison. Also, A. H. 

 Nixon, of Dayton, Ohio, has still bettcy nozzles. This poison solution 

 must be dashed on with the utmost force. One pound of poison to one 

 hundred gallons of water is abundance of poison. I am inclined to think 

 that one pound to two hundred gallons might be enough, if you are careful 

 to stir the mixture continually. This is a prime condition of success. Do 

 not let the poison settle to the bottom. Now, at the same time that you are 

 killing all of these codling moths, you are also killing a great variety of other 

 injurious insects, the destruction of which will more than repay the entire 

 cost. One application will do great good if used early enough, though two, 

 one made three weeks later, will be more effective. One pailful of the 

 mixture is enough for a large apple tree. Keep stock out of the orchard 

 until a heavy rainfall has followed the poisoning. The Field apparatus 

 keeps the solution constantly stirred automatically. This must be attended 

 to or your work will be thrown away. An effective method of stirring is to 

 put the nozzle of your hose into the solution and then pump vigorously. 



APPLE MAGGOTS. 



Another enemy of the apple is the apple maggot, called in New York the 

 pin-worm. They go all through an apple, and often forty will be in one 

 apple. They only work in fall apples. The perfect insect, resembling a small 

 house fly, comes in June or July and lays her eggs anywhere on the surface 



