THE KIND OF FARMING THAT PAYS BEST. 469 



At the best this is a wasteful method so far as fuel is concerned. The heat 

 given off from the top of the kiln is a great proportion of the whole, and this 

 is to a great extent wasted. It would be wholly wasted were it not for the 

 fact that a certain proportion must be used to secure draft. 



THE DOWN DRAFT KILN". 



This kiln is necessarily much more costly than the up-draft kiln, involving 

 as it does, a closed kiln, with passages from the fire to the top of the kiln, a 

 perforated floor so arranged as to allow uniform p issage of air, flues beneath 

 the floor and fi-ially chimneys of height sufficient to give proper draft. 



This kiln possesses many advantages over the preceding one. In the first 

 place we have the heated air from the fire, received at the top of the dome 

 and gradually replacing and driving downward the colder air of the kiln. 



If there is no radiation from the top or the sides of the kiln, the heat at the 

 bottom will in time be practically the same as that at the top. If the draft 

 is uniform in all portions of the kiln, the tile must of necessity be equally 

 burned and we have in that case the theoretically perfect kiln. 



As a matter of fact, however, there is radiation from the dome of the kiln, 

 and consequently the temperature is greater at the top than at the bottom ; 

 again there is likely to be trouble to secure the uniform draft because the part 

 nearest the chimney is most affected. By placing the chimney some distance 

 off the even draft is secured with les rouble. 



THE UP AND DOWN DRAFT KILN. 



This kiln has a strong reason for its existence — the term being applied ta 

 a kiln that is used for a certain time during each burning as a down-draft kiln, 

 and the burning is finished as an up-draft kiln. This ought theoretically to be 

 the most economical of the kilns mentioned. Since, as we have seen, the 

 principal waste must come in both kinds of kiln in burning that ware which 

 is farthest from the fire, and the greatest difficulty comes in burning the 

 farthest ware without injuring that near the fire. 



This diflculty is many times greater in the open-top up-draft than in the 

 down-draft kiln. 



A kiln which furnishes the burning by applying the heat where it is most 

 needed certainly has strong arguments in favor of its principle of action. 



TUE KIND OF FARMING THAT PAYS BEST. 



BY HON. GEO. A. SMITH, OF SOMERSET. 

 [Read at the Hanover Institute, February 7, 1887.] 



This question embraces- so great a variety of conditions that it can be 

 treated only in the abstract. 



AVe will take the compensation of the farmer in a broader view than 

 to be measured by dollars and cents. There is a kind of farming that 



