112 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



thoroughly. Ho drives down tlio plough, throws up the sub- 

 soil, and tries it for one season. The piece so treated is then 

 planted, and by its side another, ploughed, perhaps, but five or 

 six inches deep. The latter may bear the better crop, and the 



ttiiglis, but continue to preserve its own peculiar texture of skin — thin, delicate 

 and ample in its folds. The teats should stand wide apart, and be lengthy, but 

 not large and coarse, . ^ . . ..... ..12 



The IlandUn'j will show the skin to be of medium thickness only, moving 

 freely under the hand and evincing a readiness in the animal to take on flesh, 

 when a drain on the constitution is no longer made by the milkpail, . . 6 



The Hair soft and thick, in the phraseology of the country, woolly, . . 4 



Color, varies — a dark red — a rich brown — a liver color, or mahogany, run- 

 ning into almost a black ; those very much broken and spotty at the edges on 

 a white ground are the favorite colors at the present time. The light yellow 

 is, however, a color ; sometimes found on very good cows, but these pale colors 

 are objected to from an impression that such belong to animals of less constitu- 

 tion, .............. 1 



Carriage should be light, active, and even gay ; this latter appearance is 

 much promoted by the upward turn of the horn, 1 



100 



Points of the Ayrshire Bull. 



As regards the male animal, it is only necessary to remark, that the points 

 desirable in the female are generally so in the male, but must, of course, be attended 

 by that masculine character which is inseparable from a strong, vigorous constitu- 

 tion. Even a certain degree of coarseness is admissible, but then it must be so 

 exclusively of a masculine description as never to be discovered in the females of 

 his get. 



In contra- distinction to the cows, the head of the bull may be shorter, the fron- 

 tal-bone broader, and the occipital ilat and stronger, that it may receive and sustain 

 the horn — and this latter may be excused if a little heavy at the base, so its upward 

 form, its quality and color be right. Neither is the looseness of the skin, attached 

 to, and depending from the under jaw, to be deemed other than a feature of the 

 sex, 2'>roi-i(led it is not extended beyond the bone, but leaves the gullet and throat 

 clean and free from dewlap. 



The upper portion of the neck should be full and muscular, for it is an indication 

 of strength, power and constitution. The spine should be strong, the bones of 

 the loin long and broad, and the whole muscular system wide and thoroughly 

 developed over the entire frame. 



For the Jersey, or Alderney cows, the following scale of points has been estab- 

 lished by the society in the Island of Jersey. 



Scale op Points for Cows and Heifers. 



I. Breed on male and female sides, reputed for producing rich and yellow 

 butter, 4 



II. Head small, fine and tapering ; eye full and lively, muzzle fine, and en- 



