114 BOARD- OF AGRICULTURE. 



should be carefully repeated, on a small scale, if necessary, and 

 80 on till, by a series of careful trials, we obtain something 

 relial)lo enough to enable us to form a judgment. 



We should remember, also, that the results of an experiment 

 made in one locality, or on one kind of soil, will be very diiier- 

 cnt from those of the same experiment under other circum- 

 stances. Theories founded on a limited range of observation 

 cannot be expected to be generally applicable. 



prizes. It is, however, important that there should be some known standard for 

 these animals, a« well as for others. 



The following scale of Poiiits is offered with much diffidence, in the hope that it 

 may aid, at lea^t, in forming some system. If societies or committees would adopt 

 Bome such known standard, to be followed in similar cases, it would be found, it is 

 thought, of essential service : — 



ScALr OF Points for Cows and Hf.ifers foh, the Dairy. 



I. Head small, lean and tapering, eye full, lively ai'd mild, ears small 

 orange witliin, horns small, .......... 5 



II. Back straight, from withers to root of the tail. Brisket full, chest deep, 

 and nearly on a line with the belly. (The shoulders sometimes rise loosely 

 above the back bone, many good milkers have this drfect,) .... 4 



III. Skin moderately thick, but mellow ; hair soft to the touch and fine. 

 The skin should incline to yellow, and be soft, ...... 3 



IV. Barrel-hooped, broad and deep, surloin broad, tail tapering from the 

 rump downwards, ........... 4- 



V. Legs straight, delicate and fine boned, 2 



YI. Apparent health, 2 



VII. Udder coming broridly and squarely forv/ard, large and full behind, 

 and rising up the thighs, preserving its distinct cliaracter of skin, soft, delicate 

 and loose folds, with teats of medium length, standing well apart, ... 5 



VIII. The escutcheon is represented by the upward growing hair, which 

 commencing on the back side and near the lower part of the udder, and on the 

 inside of the hocks, extends upwards towards the first touch or tip of the rump, 

 and also upwards and outwards to the outer edge of the thigh. The better marks 

 are those which extend farthest out upon the thighs, other things being equal. 

 Accompanying these best marks, there ai'C also two spots or rounds of down- 

 ward growing hair, one on each side of the udder, near the hinder teats. There 

 are also many other particulars connected with different escutcheons, the com- 

 parative value of which can only bo understood by a reference to the small 

 treatise upon the subject, by M. Guenon, which is easily i.ccessible to all, in a 

 translation, a second edition of which has been lately published. 



As milk is the chief object with most who keep milch cows, the escutcheon 

 which indicates this in the highest degree should be entitled to, . , . 5 



Points of perfection, 30 



No animal should obtain a premium which has less than twenty. 



The points desirable in the bull are, in the main the same, marked, however, by 



jnoi"e masculine character. 



