662 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



they are pretty hard on the nigger, on principle. Well, on one such 

 an occasion, I was acting as judge in the case of a colored brother 

 who had been caught gambling; the superintendent was the prose- 

 cutor and he made out his case. After he got through, I began to 

 question the darky, but could not get much satisfaction out of him, 

 then one of the older niggers came to me and said: "Cap'n, I'se a 

 good deal older nigger than you is, and I don't think you are going 

 the right way to get the truth; you'se questioning the nigger what's 

 got the .money; if you'se wants the truth, ask the fellow what loses." 

 And my experience has always been that you get nothing out of the 

 nigger what wins; to get at the bottom of a thing you must ask the 

 nigger what loses: so it is with the Yellows: I'm the nigger what 

 loses, and I know there is no salvation unless you discover it and 

 root it out two or three years earlier than you generally do. 



In eradicating the Brown Rot, the self-boiled lime and sulphur 

 wash, two or three sprayings of it in summer will pretty nearly con- 

 trol it. Certain varieties seem to invite it more than others. Take 

 the Carman peach, for instance; it is hardy in bud, delicious, of 

 high quality, and a prolific bearer, but we find it seems more liable 

 to this rot than most of the other varieties. Where an orchard has 

 become infected with this Brown Rot, you must be prepared to 

 fight it by burning all rotten peaches. Leave no mummies on the 

 tree. Spray with lime and sulphur when dormant and with self- 

 boiled later. 



You think you are up against it in your peach planting here be- 

 cause of the competition of Southern peaches, and so you are, but 

 do not be discouraged; this competition is no more to be feared 

 than the Rocky Mountain apples in competition with your apples. 

 The Southern peaches are beautiful in appearance, but they do not 

 have the high quality and delicious flavor that your Eastern Penn- 

 sylvania peaches have — or your eastern apples. You have the ad- 

 vantage of that high quality here in Pennsylvania, and in addition 

 (o that, you have the advantage of close proximity to some of the 

 leading markets. The Western people have to ship three thousand 

 miles in order to reach our markets. Land out there sells at a 

 thousand dollars an acre because of this craze for fruit growing. 

 Here in Pennsylvania just as good fruit growing land is held at 

 a much more reasonable figure. If you grow the right kind of apples 

 and peaches and put them on the market in the right way, you 

 will need to fear nothing from this western and southern competi- 

 tion. 



I had some notes here about shipping packages, precooling, etc., 

 but my time is about up. I thank you for your attention. If you 

 have any questions to ask, I shall be glad to answer them, but I 

 doubt whether you want any more to-night. 



The PRESIDENT: Are there any questions? If so, Mr. Hale will 

 be glad to answer them. 



PROF. SURFACE: How high do you head your apple trees? 



MR. HALE: I have about 15,000 trees that are headed from 15 

 to 18 inches high. 



A Member: How far north are you? 



MR. HALE: Latitude 40 to 41. 



A Member: How do you detect the Yellows three years before 

 it is generally discovered? 



