566 ANNUAL, TlEPpRT OP THE Off. Doc. 



PROF. WATTS: What kind of a spraying machine do you use 

 on the hillside? 



MR. HALE: A good barrel pump and you will be surprised to 

 learn that in some of my orchards we spray altogether with the knap- 

 sack sprayer. This is due to the fact that I employ a great many 

 Italians, and they like best to work as they have been accustomed 

 to do in Italy and I have found that when you let a man work in 

 the way he is used to, he w'ill do a whole lot better work, and do it 

 more cheerfully, than he would otherwise. One of my best men, 

 the foreman of the place, has a little vineyard out on the hill back 

 of his garden, to make his native wine to take the place of the 

 poisonous tea and coffee we use here. He used the knapsack sprayer 

 there, and he figured out that it would be more economical to use 

 it in the orchards, and so I sent over last year and got half a dozen 

 more. Now we spray this hundred and fifty acre orchard of three 

 or four year old trees entirely by knapsack. These Italians are 

 happy in their work, and so do good work: give me a man or woman 

 that is happy in their work. 



PROF. SURFACE: What do you do for borers? 



MR. HALE: Dig them out and sit on them. 



A Member: What do vou do about the twig borers? 



MR. HALE: I have no trouble with them at all. 



PROF. SURFACE: That is because your trees are healthy. 



MR. HALE: Yes; my trees are all healthy. 



A Member: Do you spray your peach trees in the summer with 

 lime and sulphur? 



MR. HALE: No; I have never done it myself, but they have been 

 doing it in Georgia and one or two other states the past two years. 



PROF. WATTS: The same strength as is usually applied to apple 

 trees? 



MR. HALE: No; I believe not. 



PROF. SURFACE: It is a good thing for winter, while the Bor- 

 deaux is an excellent thing for summer. 



MR. HALE: Yes, but not so good as the lime and sulphur. 



THE GRAPE IN PENNSYLVANIA AND MODERN METHODS 



OF CULTURE. 



By. L. G. YOU NGS. 



Pennsylvania makes no pretensions as a grape growing state, and 

 a few of its people are aware it stands fourth in importance as a 

 producer of the grape. That her acreage can be increased greatly 

 goes without saying, provided care is taken to control black rot, 

 and the fungous diseases grapes are heir to. Our neighboring State 

 of New York has several well defined sections where grapes are 

 grown in a commercial way. The most important of her districts 

 are the Chautauqua and Keuka Lake districts. The Erie district 

 of Pennsylvania is really a part of the Chautauqua district, and my 

 home town of North East is the parent town of the Chautauqua 

 belt, and ships more cars of grapes than any other town in the belt, 

 and more cars than any other in the world. 



I have a little leaflet with me. It was issued by our local Busi- 

 ness Men's Exchange. It has some information about yields of 

 grapes and other fruits and may interest you. 



