572 ANNUAL REPORT OF THB Off. Doc. 



MR. YOUNGS: Well, now, that is not so much my business, hut 

 we grow a great many currants. We prune back about one-half of 

 the growth, perhaps two-thirds of it. We control the worm with 

 arsenate of lead or Paris green. Now, with that plant we have 

 practically boxed the compass, and our leader to-day is the President 

 Wilder; for a pure white, we use the White Imperial. 



A Member: I use the Red Cross, and find it very satisfactory. 



MR. YOUNGS: The trouble we have with the Red Cross is that 

 the market is not always ready to take our berries, and the Presi- 

 dent Wilder is in better condition to stay on the bushes awhile than 

 any other, up in our section. They will hang on the bushes for 

 weeks when the others will wither. We send a good many to Pitts- 

 burg on the afternoon trains, for sale the next morning. The re- 

 turns are 'phoned to us about ten o'clock in the morning, so we 

 know the condition of the market from day to day. 



A Member^ Do you advise spraying before the crop is in bloom? 



MR. YOUNGS: If you are troubled with the rot. I don't believe 

 that in all the grapes we raised, we had any rot last year, and we 

 had 1,070 full cars of grapes go out from North East, besides local 

 shipments. Of course, with our vines in this healthy condition, it 

 is not necessary to spray so much,^ but in order to control the 

 anthracnose and mildew, which comes on the stems of the fruit we 

 have to use Bordeaux ''sometimes during the season. In order to 

 control rose bugs, we add to our Bordeaux six pounds of arsenate 

 of lead to the hundred gallons. 



A Member: How often do you spray? 



MR. YOUNGS : That depends on weather conditions. Last year we 

 had an abnormally dry season, and we only sprayed the greater part 

 of our best vines twice. Most of it was done in one spraying. The 

 spraying remained on the vine, and that was all that was necessary 

 to control the worm. 



A Member: Is it safe to spray when the berry is nearly grown? 



MR. YOUNGS: I would not do so with arsenate of lead; that is 

 poisonous. We treat with lead right after the blooming time, when 

 the berry is small, and we have never had any injurious effects. It 

 is estimated that in order to get any ill results from spraying, it 

 would be necessary to eat about two tons of fruit at a time. That 

 is the amount of arsenate of lead we would get from these small 

 grapes. 



A Member: At what time does the rot usually affect your crops? 



MR. YOUNGS: Well, when we were in the kindergarten class we 

 did not understand rot very well, and we waited until it appeared 

 in the full-grown berry. Now we know that when we see a speck 

 about the size of a pinhead turn back, it is rot, and it is a danger 

 signal. When you first see the small red-brown spots on the leaves, 

 about quarter of an inch in diameter, then it is time to hitch up and 

 spray your grapes. 



A Member: I never had the rot until two years ago, and then it 

 attacked the full grown berry. 



MR. YOUNGS: You did not know how to look for it. When you 

 first see the round reddish spots on the leaves is the time to spray. 

 After a little while you will get so that you can easily detect It. 



A Member: Do you use commercial fertilizer? 



