No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 583 



strating how to keep the orchard free from the San Jos^ Scale, it 

 became necessary for us to show how to spray, how to prune, and 

 how to keep the tree invigorated, and the leaves healthy by spray- 

 ing with the Bordeaux mixture. And as one result of our demon- 

 strations, we have found that by spraying with Bordeaux mixture 

 so as to keep the leaves healthy, we keep the fruit on the tree longer. 

 Of course, we went a little farther, and demonstrated spraying for 

 the leaf spot and other diseases. It was so easy, just after blossom- 

 ing, to add a little arsenate of lead for the codling moth, — one or 

 two pounds to fifty gallons of the Bordeaux mixture. When we 

 sprayed with the arsenates, such as Paris green, or arsenate of lead, 

 we found that we not only prevented injury by the codling moth, but 

 that the mixture acted as a fungicide as well. 



For spraying for the San Jose Scale, we use home boiled lime and 

 sulphur. It can be used in almost any proportion, but the general 

 formula that we use is 17 lbs. of sulphur, and 22 lbs. of lime, boiled 

 together an hour and then strained and sprayed thoroughly. 



We have had some remarkable instances of the efiicacy of this 

 demonstration work that cannot be denied. For example, there is 

 Mr. C. C. Gelwicks, a banker, of St. Thomas. I heard that he was 

 destroying his fine young apple orchard because it was so badly in- 

 fested, and I asked him whether he would not hold up until I could 

 give a spraying demonstration there. He had sense enough to see 

 that I could not do any harm, if I could do no good, so he agreed 

 to let me make a demonstration there. I had Dr. Funk go there 

 with a little bucket sprayer, and he gave a public demonstration in 

 methods of making and applying the lime-sulphur wash. We 

 sprayed twice that winter. Mr. Kieffer, a buyer, of Chambersburg, 

 said, "I was in his orchard the summer before the demonstrations, 

 and I would not have taken his fruit at any price. Then, I was there 

 the next summer after the two sprayings that winter, and Mr. Gel- 

 wicks said he would give me |5 for any scale-marked apple that I 

 could find in his orchard. I went through his orchard, but could not 

 find a single apple that showed any traces of the pest. I went across 

 the way, into a neighboring orchard, and picked up a marked apple, 

 and brought it to Mr. Gelwicks; he looked at the apple, and said, 

 'That never came out of my orchard.' I had to confess, and told him 

 that I could not win his five dollars." 



Mr. Minnich, another fruit buyer, a neighbor of Mr. Kieffer, went 

 to see Mr. Gelwicks' orchard, and Mr. Gelwicks offered him a dollar 

 for one scale-marked apple from his orchard, if he could find it. (1 

 don't know whether Mr, Gelwicks has any fixed sum, or not; it 

 doesn't look like it.) Mr. Minnich also looked for a scale-marked 

 apple, but could not find it. 



Now, if we had not given these demonstrations, what would have 

 been the result? As it is, he is in thousands of dollars, both in the 

 returns from his fruit — especially the Grimes Golden, which is 

 known, I understand, in Chambersburg as the "Evening Party" 

 apple, because it is demanded and served at evening parties — and 

 in his trees. 



Now, ladies and gentlemen, we are establishing the county demon- 

 stration orchards chiefly in the public institutions of the State be- 

 cause the public has an interest in these institutions, and should 



