No. t f)l3t>ARTMENT OF AG6iCUL.TUR£. M 



about 1889 on peach trees from New Jersey. The peach trees were 

 set in amongst the apple orchard, and we found San Jos6 Scale 

 on the apples several years later. Those trees came from Lovett 

 and we suppose that is where we got the scale. Well, we began 

 spraying those trees with crude petroleum and have been doing it 

 continuously ever since, using lime-sulphur of late years, and for 

 two years I haven't seen a mark of scale on the fruit in my orchard. 

 Now, I am not certain that there is anything better than lime- 

 sulphur. I have boiled my own lime-sulphur by fire. There are 

 brands of prepared lime-sulphur. I haven't used any of them. We 

 must not only spray a little, but understand the business and spray 

 thoroughly. I am satisfied that there is not one grower in ten 

 who sprays thoroughly. I don't know whether you do any better 

 spraying in Pennsylvania than we do over in Ohio, but over there 

 I find localities where they don't spray at all. In the spring, 

 we spray before the bloom, with Bordeaux, for apple scab, because 

 we believe that we cannot keep those fruit stems clean any other 

 way. If we don't spray just before the bloom, the chances are 

 that the apples will be covered with scab. There has been many a 

 good apple crop saved by spraying just before the bloom. If one 

 has the scale and sprays with lime-sulphur before the bloom, that 

 will be sufficient fungicide to take the place of Bordeaux mixture. 

 In fact lime-sulphur is coming to be a good fungicide when applied 

 on the foliage if you know how to make it. I might as well tell a 

 few things. Mr. Scott, of the Department of Agriculture, made an 

 experiment a few years ago with self-boiled lime-sulphur (you can- 

 not spray with lime-sulphur boiled with fire without injuring the 

 f'^Mage), and I think he has used arsenate of lead with it, with good 

 rp«?ults, also. Some say they can't be used together. I don't know. 

 I believe in the West they had no burning of foliage and no russet- 

 ing of the fruit from lime-sulphur, self-boiled. 



Now as soon as the bloom drops off, there is a little miller called 

 the codling moth, and the time has come when every growler must 

 spray for this little rascal. When we have June drop, the wormy 

 apples fall off. For the codling moth we use about one and a 

 Jialf to two and a half pounds of arsenate of lead to fifty gallons 

 of water. Don't wait until all the bloom drops. I begin to spray as 

 soon as the bloom begins to drop off and then go back again and 

 spray in about a week or ten days. At the last of June we make a 

 late spraying and the last one the last of July or the first of 

 August. That makes five sprayings in all and then we get very good 

 results. We usually have very few wormy apples. Two years ago 

 we never looked over the fruit when we were packing, because 

 wormy apples were so scarce they didn't show. 



Now, what kind of sprayer to use? I would not like to advise 

 any particular kind of sprayer. There is more in the man than 

 there is in the sprayer. You will get about forty pounds pressure 

 with the ordinary hand pump. You cannot do a good job of spray- 

 ing with that pressure. I would want not less than 100 pounds 

 pressure, that will give you pressure to go clear through the trees 

 and make a fine mist and that is what you want. I am using the 

 Friend nozzle the last year or two and I like that better than any 

 I have ever used. There are several on the market that are said 

 to be as good as that one. 



MR. ROBERTS: Do you use the same nozzle for winter work? 



