486 ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



MR. COX : I have always done my winter work with linie-sulpliur. 

 If you use oil, you might require a finer nozzle. Did you ever use 

 a Friend nozzle? 



MH. iiOBERTS: I use it in summer time for Bordeaux, but want 

 a finer nozzle in winter time. 



MR. COX: If you are putting on oil, you might possibly require 

 a finer nozzle than that. I know that to spray with oil, you 

 want a finer spray than for Bordeaux mixture and with high pres- 

 sure it will be finer. When spraying you should have a good supply 

 of "water on hand. I have a reservoir right on the top of a hill 

 which gives us a good supply of water and it is then piped down to 

 our mixing shed and we have the water run down the hill by its own 

 gravity. Now, if a person has to dip the water up from a spring 

 or stream it makes very hard work. You ought to have the water 

 so it will run as soon as you turn it on. A person who has a 

 large orchard should by all means have the water provided. I be- 

 lieve that if you would lay some tile out through a field on a little 

 higher ground, when it rains you would get a good supply and could 

 drain it into a reservoir or cistern. Anyway a person that has a 

 large orchard needs a large water supply and must have it provided. 

 I have known times that you couldn't get water out of a spring when 

 you needed it. The most of this work must be done at the right 

 time if you want to do it at all. All of you know that as the trees 

 grow up in the spring and you make one application and the new 

 foliage comes out you require more sprayings on those trees to 

 keep the new leaves covered with this fungicide, so that is one 

 reason that you need to spray to keep these all covered up, and you 

 can't have apples growing on trees as they should grow unless you 

 have good foliage. Some varieties are very susceptible to this leaf 

 disease, and there are other varieties that will have better foliage 

 but the trees that are susceptible must be sprayed often. It is not 

 only that way during the summer but it is that way during the fall. 

 Did you ever think why those apples all fall off. We used to have 

 them do that wny in Ohio and I expect they did over here. Those 

 apples hang until late in the season since we have sprayed the trees 

 and get a good color. A person who has a large acreage of orchard 

 need not expect to dabble in politics or set on the fence, and grow 

 good fruit. You need the boss right there and he might just as well 

 carry a rod. Your men don't know what you are spraying for. 

 They don't know what you are spraying with. You ought to tell 

 them what you are doing and explain to them the reason. They 

 ought to be more than mere machines, I know as a general thing 

 we have a poor class of help along that line, but there is hope for 

 improvement. 



Thinning out is probably the best way to get rid of the culls. 

 You will probably grow more apples the next year if you get these 

 culls cleaned out. I think that apples should be thinned down to 

 one in a place, although it depends on the variety to some extent. 



Member: Do you take those apples out of the orchard? 



MR. COX: Some people advocate gathering them up, but we 

 never do. 



MR. TYSON: Do you have any varieties that grow in pairs? 



MR. COX: Yes, there are a good many varieties of that kind, 

 and they should be thinned to one in a place. Those kinds that 

 grow in clusters sometimes are entirely too thick. If you leave them 



