No. 7. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 497 



ibeat them in some other varieties. I want to show you one or 

 two. Here is a Rome Beauty of New York. There is a Rome 

 Beauty from the State of Washington and here is one from Ore- 

 gon. There are the three and the eastern apple I have is better than 

 the western apples. I have another variety here which shows what 

 1 am trying to make clear. It is a New York Northern Spy. We 

 can grow Northern Spies well in New York. Here is a Northern 

 Spy from Oregon. We can beat Oregon growing Northern Spy. 

 There is a Newtown Pippin from Oregon. Here is a Newtown 

 Pippin from New York. After all, w^e need not be so much ashamed 

 of our fruit as some of them try to make us. There is the Arkansas 

 Black. I brought that down as a matter of interest. What I have 

 said is aside from what I was really going to present but I thought 

 you might be interested to bite into some of these apples and sample 

 the quality. Let me say this. They grow some varieties better than 

 we can. Each section of the country has varieties which are adapted 

 to its own soil and condition. A great deal of the western apple 

 boom is real estate boom. They are trying to sell us land in the 

 west. Don't go west. Stay right here in Adams county. 



The subject which I am going to present is a new line of work 

 which was taken up at Cornell a few years ago and which from a 

 practical standpoint has proved one of the most valuable lines of 

 work that the college has ever taken up. It really is a study of the 

 orchards of the state with the results in yields and incomes which 

 they are getting at the present time. We are studying the practical 

 frudt grower and his orchard, and what I am going to present is 

 really the results of our study with a view of comparing the results 

 so that you can adopt them to your own conditions. I think this 

 would bo a good piece of work for your association to take up. 

 Ontario county, New York, started its orchard surveys a few years 

 ago, and the college helped them and now Ontario county has its 

 own orchard surveys. I think it would be a nice piece of work 

 for the association here to take up and perhaps the college would be 

 willing to go ahead with it. What we do is to have one of our 

 graduate students who is a practical fruit grower go into the orchard 

 and make a study of it. We take the county as a unit. This student 

 goes right to the fruit grower and studies that orchard himself, the 

 tillage, has it been cultivated? Then he goes to the fruit grower and 

 gets the yields, the price per bushel, etc. He makes a detailed study 

 of every orchard and it takes sometimes two or three summers 

 to finish up a county. For example, let us consider the matter of 

 tilled and sod orchards. 



32—7—1908. 



