70 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



On the approach of warm weather the moth leaves its cosy silken nest^ 

 where it has spent the winter in the worm or larvge state, finds its mate, and 

 flies from tree to tree in the night, putting its eggs, about fifty in number, into 

 the calyx of the apple and sometimes other fruits, and only one egg in a 

 place, which is a very damaging circumstance, as the rascal spoils as many 

 apples as it has eggs to bestow. 



The eggs hatch in about a week, and in twenty or thirty days we have a 

 pinkish worm which has eaten its way to the core of the apple ; it now 

 comes out and finds some crevice or shelter, where it spins up and remains 

 from twelve to eighteen days in the chrysalis state, and then comes out to 

 enter upon its mischievous work. This is a beautiful little moth, very seldom 

 seen, ash-gray and brown, with a large tawny spot, streaked with bronze and 

 gold, on the inner angle of each front wing. 



The second brood appear from the middle of July to about the middle of 

 August, and are by far the most numerous and destructive. We should kill 

 the first brood, and then we are rid of the second. 



This codling nuisance, like certain devils in Scripture, don't yield to mild 

 treatment. You can't frighten them with scarecrows, nor coax them with 

 sweets, but you must fight them by any and all methods known in civilized 

 warfare. 



1. Examine trees and pick all wormy fruit, which you will readily detect by 

 the rusty excrements that protrude from the orifice and by the color of the 

 calyx. Put this fruit in water or destroy it. Picking and thinning our fruit 

 cannot be commended too highly. We thus get size and quality. Lai-ge, fine 

 fruit measures well, and sells very high when brought to the right market. 



2. Carefully remove all moss and rough bark in early spring, so that the 

 worm cannot find shelter on the tree. 



3. As soon as the apple is formed, or about the middle of June, take strips 

 of cloth or strong paper, twelve or fourteen inches wide, and double into 

 three folds; put them round the body of the tree, and tie them fast with cot- 

 ton yarn, or fasten with a tack. Two or three bandages are better than one. 

 About the middle of July take ofi" these bandages, and Avith your fingers mash 

 any worms that have taken lodgment there, and replace the bandages. Do 

 this every week, or at farthest every ten days, till the last of August. Exam- 

 ine again a month later. 



4. Whenever practicable, let hogs or sheep, or both, occupy the orchards, as 

 some of the fruit falls to the ground before the worm leaves it, though gener- 

 ally he gets into a safe place before he falls.^ 



It has been suggested that the instinct of the moth induces it to avoid de- 

 positing its eggs in trees that are frequented by dangerous animals, and those 

 who have studied most into the inscrutable nature of animal instincts will 

 not dismiss the suggestion without consideration. 



Mr. S. B. Peck, a Michigan pomologist of much observation and experience, 

 believes that the same worm frequently enters and destroys several apples, for 

 you can always find a great many more bad apples than you can worms. 



My friend, Mr. Oliver Chapin, has just put into my hands the following 

 from the report of a Western pomological meeting, and I ask you to observe 

 for yourselves and see how much there is in the suggestion : 



" D. B. Weir made a report on entomology, devoting most of his remarks to 

 the Turnished Plant-bug {Capsus ohlineatus), which has done great damage to 

 growing vegetation. He attributes much of the sterility, so-called, of apple, 



