THE CODLING MOTH. 



153 



discussion which shall succeed the lecture attention may be called to such 

 points, that everything may be made entirely clear to every one. 



The Codling Moth at this time, or dur- 

 ing the winter, hibernates as a larva (see e 

 in cut), or in common parlance a worm; 

 yet this larva is not at all unprovided to 

 resist the winter's cold, lor ere it betook 

 itself to its long quiescence, it spun its 

 silken robes or cocoon (see i in cut), not 

 to assume the pupa slate, for usually from 

 the time it spins its cocoon, which occurs 

 from the middle of August even to Decem- 

 ber, it remains a worm or larva usually 

 till the next spring. Nor has its won- 

 drous instincts left it all exposed to those 

 best friends of the husbandman, the in- 

 sectivorous birds, for this larva does not 

 don its winter robes till snugly ensconced 

 (a) Portion of apple eaten ; {b) Place of in some crevice, under some bark, beneath 

 entrance; (c) Larva leaving t he^ apple ; ((f) gg^^e board, or forsooth within the folds of 

 PHpa:(f) Imauro with wings folded ;((7) i i i tu -l 



(Same with winis expanded; (A) Head of some suspended cloth or paper, It seems 



larva magnified ; (j) Cocoon. hidden from clamorous bluejay or prying 



sap-sucktr. 



PL'PATIOX OF WINTER LARYA. 



Thus these whitish larva?, often tinged with pink, less than three-fourths of 

 an inch long, with black head, sparsely covered with hairs, and possessing six- 

 teen legs, remain till two or three weeks before the moth appears, when it as- 

 sumes the pupa condition (see fZ in cut). The pupa is brown, less than one- 

 half of an inch long, while along the back of each segment or ring (these 

 rings along the posterior of the chrysalis are plainly marked features of all 

 lepidopterous pupffi), may be seen two transverse rows of minute spines. After 

 remaining in this condition for two weeks, more or less, they change to the 

 imago state (see/ and ^ in cut). 



WHEN DO THE SPRING MOTHS APPEAR ? 



Dr. LeBaron, in his admirable discussion of this insect, contained in his third 

 annual report as Entomologist of Illinois, gives as the time of the appearance at 

 Chicago from May 12th to May 20th, which dates agree with my own experi- 

 ence lor several successive years. Prof. Riley, Stale Entomologist of Missouri, 

 "Whose good work in scientific and economic entomology has carried his name 

 and fame even to Europe, says in his fourth annual report that the spring moths 

 come with the apple blossoms. Now while these statements are generally cor- 

 rect, the past season has given a strange and wonderful variation, which may 

 teach us that we should glean very many and oft;-repeated facts in natural his- 

 tory before generalization is safe, for true it is that these spring moths ap- 

 peared in our State as early as February. Noticing in a February number of 

 the South Haven Sentinel that L. H. Bailey of that place, — who, by the way, is 

 setting the youth of our State an example worthy of imitation l)y his earnest 

 work in natural history, — reported to the pomologicai society of that place the 

 appearance of codling moths, thinking that there must be some error, I sent 

 20 



