156 STATE POilOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



matter, not unlike iron rust in appearance, enables us to determine affected 

 apples, even though they are in the very top of the tree. 



After the mature larva leaves the apple, it at once seeks some secluded space 

 in which to pupate. If the apple is still pendant from the tree, the larvaeither 

 crawls down the tree in quest ot crevice or protecting bark, or perhaps rarely 

 drops by a thread spun from the mouth to the earth. If the apple has previ- 

 ously fallen to the ground, the larva comes forth, and in company with its kin- 

 dred, which possibly has swung down by a rope of its own manufacture, seeks 

 for a place of concealment. It there is no board, stump, or clod near by, — in 

 other words if clean culture is practiced, these larva3 also betake themselves to 

 *the tree trunk, and go up as the others come down, and for the same purpose. 

 Having found the coveted seclusion, the larva soon commences to spin its co- 

 coon, and having completed this silken covering, and having rested for a brief 

 period, the larva transforms into a pupa. 



THE PUPA STATE. 



As a pupa or chrysalis, the insect is mostly quiet, only m.oving the posterior 

 rings when disturbed, and in common with all chrysalides, possesses no month, 

 and of course fasts during this period. After a brief fortnight of quiescence, the 

 anterior extremity of the pupa case bursts open, and the beautiful moth emerges. 



Thus we conclude that of this first brood the moths appear from the middle 

 of May to the last of June, while the larvae which come from their eggs will 

 be feeding from the last of May till the last of July, and a few even early in 

 August, and as the pupa state continues two weeks, the second brood of moths 

 will emerge from early in July (the earliest I have ever reared appeared July 

 12th), to near the middle of August. Hence it will be seen that these two 

 broods overlap each other, the earliest of the second brood of moths coming 

 forth, doing their mischief and dying, ere the latest of the first brood even ap- 

 peared. 



This second brood of moths conduct themselves very mucrti as did the first, 

 though from choice, as also from necessity in part, seem to select the winter 

 fruit on which to depredate, and sometimes deposit the egg on other parts of 

 the apple than the blow — at least the hole where the later larvae pierced the 

 fruit is not infrequently along the side, though in general this is as before. 

 The later moths, perhaps the late moths of the first brood, often deposit in an 

 inhabited apple, — though this is the exception, — hence the finding of two larvas 

 in the same fruit. 



The larvae of the second brood behave in all respects as did the first, but 

 tardy ones remaining in the apple even till winter. The larvae seem to know 

 that hurry is useless, taking things very leisurely ; and even though they desert 

 the apple in August, they only seek a corner to hide in and spin their cocoons. 

 And what a strange phenomenon we have here; the early larvae changing to 

 pupae almost immediately upon maturing, while these late ones, though the 

 weather may be as warm, though all influencing conditions, so far as we can 

 see, are the same, — remain as larvaB for weeks, aye, even months, — generally 

 even till the succeeding May. Why the numerous exceptions of last year, is a 

 problem not easily solved. Should we urge the warm season, which we might 

 do with some show of reason, especially as many other insects, as the tent- 

 caterpillar, eitlier hatched or developed prematurely, we would doubtless be 

 answered that South, where the climate is much warmer, this insect's habits 

 are the same as here. Thus we are left in the dark. 



