274 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the arrangements for manure, and then put the baru where it would be most 

 convenient. 



OBJECT OF A BARJT. 



Generally speaking, the object of a barn on a farm is to store the feed and 

 shelter the stock. The main object of keeping ordinary stock on a farm should 

 be the production of manure. Therefore, in arranging the farm buildings, this 

 matter should be borne in mind. 



If I had a barnyard on a slope or side hill, I would take a plow and throw up 

 a little ridge or bank on the upper side above the yard so that no water could 

 run into it. I would also throw up a bank around the lower side, so that the 

 wash could not run off, and put tile drains under that bank, letting them 

 run up a short distance under the yard, and over this lower part of the yard I 

 would put a layer of muck or some other absorbent, so that the wash from the 

 higher parts of the yard would be filtered through this material and pass off in 

 the tile drains. 



VALUE OF DIFFEREirC MANURES. 



The following values of manure produced by feeding different kinds of food 

 is taken from a table prepared by John B. Lawes, of England: 



The value of manure made by feeding one ton of peas is $13 38 ; one ton of 

 corn meal, $6 65 ; one ton of wheat, $7 08 ; one ton of wheat bran, $15 59 ; 

 one ton oats, $7 70; one ton oat straw, $3 90; one ton wheat straw, $2 68; one 

 ton clover hay, $9 64 ; one ton timothy hay, 16 43 ; one ton mangel wurzel, 

 $1 07; one ton ruta bagas, $0 91. 



COMPARATIVE VALUES. 



These are what we might call comparative values; that is, it gives us an idea 

 of the comparative values of manures produced by feeding different kinds of 

 foods. We can't say that a ton of hay or corn fed to an animal will produce a 

 quantity of manure that is worth to use so many dollars and cents. 



A certain quantity of manure applied to a crop on a particular soil might be 

 worth in increased production $50, applied to the same, or another crop, on a 

 cold, wet, or unproductive soil, it might be worth $5, or possibly nothing. 

 The actual value of the manure would be the same, but the value of the bene- 

 fit derived from its use would depend a good deal on our skill and judgment in 

 using it. 



Now, I do not say that a ton of the various kinds of food spoken of in this 

 table will make manure that is worth to use on ordinary farm lauds the values 

 here given. But I do believe that it will make manure that is worth that 

 much to use on highly cultivated garden land near a good market. 



I know that we could not estimate the value of the manure that is in our 

 yards by that table and afford to sell it at that valuation. Or to express it 

 more plainly, if I should take the amount of feed consumed on our farm dur- 

 ing the year, and compute the value of the manure made by that table, we 

 could afford to pay that for the manure, if we could not get any more. 



The amount of crops produced by the farm in one season, with the applica- 

 tion of this manure, greater than the amount that would be produced without 

 it, would more than equal in cash value the computed valuation of the manure. 



MANY FARMERS 



think that manure may be a good thing for gardeners who raise heavy and ex- 

 haustive crops, but that it is too much trouble and costs too much to handle 



