528 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the first seasou. This must be kept tied to the stake, and the laterals, after 

 making three or four leaves, must be pinched back to within one leaf of their 

 base, and the sub-laterals the same. If, at the end of October, the vine has 

 not produced a cane at least three feet lonof, it must be cut back to within 

 three buds of the ground. But, knowing that any good two-year old vine will 

 do better than that, we take it for granted that the cane is three feet long and 

 upward, and should be cut back to within twenty-four or twenty-eight inches 

 of the ground, carefully laid down in the direction of the row, and covered 

 with four inches of earth, more or less. We have thus planted and brought 

 one vine through the first season. The same rules and suggestions are appli- 

 cable to hundreds as well as to one. 



After the frost is out of the ground in the spring, and before the buds start, 

 the stock we laid down in the fall must be taken up carefully and tied again 

 to the stake. Eub off all the buds as soon as started, except the four upper 

 ones. Two shoots, and but two, are to be grown this season. The reason for 

 allowing four buds to make a short growth is this : If an accident happens to 

 either of the upper ones, we can supply its place with the next below ; but 

 after the upper two are long enough to tie to the stake the danger is past, and 

 the others may be rubbed off. If the vine grew strong last season it will pro- 

 duce four to six bunches of fruit this. The two shoots are to be treated the 

 same as the single one of last season, by pinching off the laterals, etc., and at 

 the end of August the tops of the shoots should be pinched off to make them 

 more stocky, and to ripen the wood. 



We shall have in October two canes ready for the formation of arms. If the 

 vines were planted four feet apart, cut the shortest cane back to within four 

 feet of its base for the lower arm, and the longer cane within six feet of its 

 base for the upper arm. If the vines were planted six feet apart, the canes 

 should be cut three and five feet respectively. If the ground is lower at one 

 end of the row than at the other, commence at the upper end, laying the stock 

 and canes down in the direction of the lower end, covering the first till you 

 reach the second. Lay that down in the same direction, covering as before,, 

 and so on to the end of the row. As the stock in laying down overlaps the 

 long canes, we must commence taking up in the spring at the opposite end 

 of the row. 



As soon as the frost is out of the ground the following spring, stakes four or 

 five feet long should be driven into the ground fifteen or eighteen inches, six 

 or eight feet apart, to which strips two and a half or three inches wide are 

 nailed. The upper edge of the lower one may be twelve or fifteen inches from 

 the ground, and the upper one three and a half feet. Three or four lengths of 

 number 16 wire may be stretched from post to post, or lath may be nailed 

 vertically on the strips to support the leaving canes. Some prefer number 8 

 or 10 wire to strips for supporting the arms, and small vertical wires for the 

 leaving canes. 



When fastening the vines to the trellis, bring the stock down in the direc- 

 tion indicated above, until the base of the short arm reaches the top edge of 

 the lower strip or bar. Fasten with bark or twine. Lay the arm along the 

 top and tie to keep in place. Now carry up the long cane, fasten it to top bar 

 about twelve inches from a perpendicular, bring down the arm in the same 

 direction as the lower one, and fasten with twine. Allow no shoots to grow 

 except on the arms, and thin those to six inches apart by rubbing off the lower 

 ones. If the requirements have all been complied with, we may expect nearly 



