HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 145 



work upon our fruits, but if other similar pests trouble these or any other 

 crop, a judicious use of the remedies enumerated will keep them in check. 

 Sometimes, however, the application of remedies is not feasible, owin^ to 

 the nature either of the insect or fungus, or of the crop itself. 



SPRAYING APPARATUS. 



While very crude outfits will answer for the application of the fuasficides 

 and insecticides, a small bucket pump will at least be desirable. For use 

 upon ii;ooseberry, grape, and other small plants, a knapsack pump will be 

 of great value, but a strong force pump mounted upon a barrel or tank will 

 be indispensable for orchard spraying. For large orchards, a sprocket 

 wheel and endless chain attachment for working the pump by horsepower 

 will be desirable. 



The nozzle used for the Bordeaux mixture should be so constructed that 

 it can be readily cleared in case it becomes clogged. The stream should 

 be broken into a fine spray and for large trees few nozzles can give the 

 necessary force, and at the same time the mistlike spray that is so desir- 

 able. The Vermorel nozzle works well upon low plants, and if the mixture 

 has been carfully strained the graduating spray nozzles will do fair work 

 upon large trees. In case they become clogged, however, it is some 

 trouble to clear them. A nozzle is now sold at $2.00, by John J. McGowen, 

 of Forest Home, N. Y., that seems to satisfy the required conditions, and 

 after a thorough trial it is highly recommended by the officers of the Cor- 

 nell experiment station. 



In April, 1892, a bulletin upon insecticides and fungicides was issued. 

 It contained descriptions and illustrations of many of the more injurious 

 fungi, and formulae for the preparation of a considerable number of 

 insecticdes not mentioned here. A second edition of that bulletin, 

 (No. 83) was printed several months ago and copies will be sent to all 

 applicants who desire more extended information than is given here. 



L. R. TAFT, 



Agricultural College, Mich., { Horticulturist. 



February 28, 1893. 



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