TABLE OF ,\HT1FICIAL SEA WATEHS 



All recalculated to salinity of 31 0/00 and osmotically identical with Woods Hole sea water. 



ALlTiOH NaCl KCl CaCl g' aHgO MgClg-eHjO MgS0^.7H20 NaHOOg 



ml. ml. ml. ml. ml. ml. 



LOOM g/1 LOOM g/1 LOOM g/1 LOOM g/1 LOOM g/1 LOOM g/1 



Allen (same as Pantin)* 423.0 24.72 9.10 0.68 9.50 1.40 23.50 4.78 25.53 6.30 1.15 0.097 



Brujewicz (1) 419.9 24.51 9.00 0.67 9.50 1.40 23.75 4.82 25.38 6.26 2.23 0.187 



Challenger (2) 395.0 23.10 8.88 0.66 21.15 3.12 31.36 6.36 16.78 4.14 xxxx xxxxx 



Horstadius-Bialascewicz (3) 430.5 25.17 8.73 0.65 9.76 1.44 28.36 5.78 18.35 4.53 2.18 0.183 



Horstadus-Roscoff (3) 428-0 25.02 9.80 0.73 9.97 1.47 29.35 5.96 18.07 4.47 2.38 0.200 



M.B.L. Formula (4) 423.0 24.72 9.00 0.67 9.27 1.36 22.94 4.66 25.50 6.29 2.15 0.180 



Moore Calcium-free ** _136._g 25.48 9.68 0.72 xxxxx xxxx 34.13 6.94 16.67 4.11 xxxx xxxxx 



Shapiro Calcium-free ** 442.5 25.88 9.83 0.74 xxxxx xxxx 24.58 5.00 16.80 4.14 xxxx xxxxx 



Trace M.B.L. Formula (5) 423.0 24.72 8.27 0.62 9.27 1.36 22.94 4.66 25.50 6.29 2.15 0.180 



Van't Hoff alpha (6) 430.5 25.17 9.40 0.70 7.22 1.06 34.31 6.96 16.52 4.07 trace 



Van't Hoff beta (6) 432.0 25.23 9.54 0.71 4.36 0.64 33.78 6.86 16.52 4.07 xxxx xxxxx 



Notes and References for Table Above: 



•) No references found except for Formulae and Methods III. 



1) Subow N.N.: Oceanographic Tables, Moscow (1931) • Add NaBr 0.077 g/1 



2) Adapted from the Challenger Report - Add Na2003 1.16 g/1 and MgBr2'6H20 0.11 g/1 



3) Publ. Staz. Zool. Napoli 14 253-429 (1935) 



4) Calculated by J.D. Ostrow from Table of Major Constituents of Sea Water, Lyman & Fleming, 

 J. Marine Research 3 134-146 (1940). Tested by Ethel Browne Harvey, M.B.L. 1951. 



5) Calculated by J.D. Ostrow from Table of Major Constituents of Sea Water, Lyman & Fleming, 

 J. Mar. Res. _3 134-146 (1940). Add KBr 0.089g. ; NaF O.OOSg.; .SrCl2*6H20 0.037g.; and 

 HoBO, 0.024g. per liter of solution. 



6) Original reference for both forms is Van't Hoff, J.H. , Physical Qiemistry in the Service 

 of the Sciences, p. 101. Univ. of Oiicago Press (1903); alpha formula from CO. Rogers 

 Textbook of Comparative Physiology (1927) N.Y.; beta formula from Osterhout. W.J.V. , 

 Bot. Gaz., 42 127 (1906) 



PHYSIOLOGICAL SALINE SOLUTIONS 



In working with isolated tissues, it is important to bathe the 

 preparation in balanced saline solutions which duplicate the ionic com- 

 position of the tissue fluids and plasma of the donor animal. Such solu- 

 tions are known as Ringer's solutions, after the man who first stressed 

 the importance of ions in physiological function. The following table 

 is a completely revised list of balanced salt solutions, including the 

 most recent formulae available. 



The Boyle-Conway Amphibian Ringer and the Krebs Mammalian Ringer are 

 recommended by Dr. Szent -Gyoergy i . They are almost identical in every 

 respect with the plasma of those two classes, except for the protein com- 

 ponents, which are not included in the synthetic media. These will be 

 our stock Ringers for amphibians and mammals. The Locke Mammal Ringer 

 is the old, standard formula for work on mammalian hearts, whereas the 

 Tyrode Mammal Ringer is better for gut muscle. Two Molluscan Ringers 

 are included, one for marine animals (determined for mussel) and one for 

 fresh water animals (determined for Helix). 



55- 



