G18 



DATA OF GEOCHEMISTRY 



Table 22. — Analyses, in parts per million, of water from closed 

 lakes of Saskatchewan 



'Calculated from analytical results expressed as combined FeiCh and AI1O3 on the 

 assumption that Fe:Oa only was present. 



A. Little Manitou Lake, July 7, 1940. E. 



B. Eedberry Lake, June 13, 1940. F. 



C. Stoney Lake, July 1, 1940. O. 



D. Last Mountain Lake, July 11, 1940. H. 



Echo Lake, July 6, 1940. 

 Jackfish Lake, May 29, 1940. 

 Murray Lake, Aug. 11, 1940. 

 Montreal Lake, July 1940. 



are given in the early editions of this book and in Car- 

 pelon (1958). Some incomplete analyses of sodium 

 sulfate lakes may be found in Tomkins (1954). The 

 arid-land lakes are remarkable not only for their high 

 concentrations of dissolved salts, but for the great 

 variation in the composition of these salts. These 

 standing waters have a long history of evaporation, in 

 the course of which the less soluble salts have been 

 precipitated and lost to the solution. Some of them may 

 subsequently have been freshened by the addition of 

 dilute water, and then concentrated again. The out- 

 come of even a simple one-step concentration by evapo- 

 ration depends to a great extent on the exact proportions 

 of the ions in the original solutions, so a wide variety of 



results is possible. A water that has been modified 

 greatlyin this wayis sometimes said tobe highly evolved. 



COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN AND OTHEE NORTHWESTERN WATERS 



A selection of analyses for the Columbia River system 

 is presented in table 23. Most of the basin is well 

 watered and the rivers tend to be dilute calcium bicar- 

 bonate waters, although there are some rather arid 

 parts of the basin as demonstrated by Soap Lake. The 

 other northwestern waters listed in table 24 are also 

 dilute calcium bicarbonate ones, although some, such 

 as the Fraser River at New Westminster, British Co- 

 lumbia, contain considerable magnesium. It should be 

 remembered, however, that there is no sharp line of 

 division between these dilute rivers of the well-watered 

 coast and the very concentrated closed lakes of the in- 

 terior. The coastal waters have been analyzed because 

 they are used for municipal water supplies; the interior 

 lakes have been analyzed because they form a source 

 of commercial salts. Waters of intermediate salinity 

 are less likely to attract the attention of chemical 

 analysts, and so there are no data for them. 



ALASKA WATERS 



A selection of analyses of lakes and rivers in Alaska 

 is presented in table 25. Most of the waters are of 

 the calcium bicarbonate types, except at the coast, where 

 sea spray may be very important, or where local 

 bedrock geology exerts a strong influence. Notice, 

 in the latter connection, Gypsum Creek on the Glenn 

 Highway. Although there are some significant de- 

 partures from it, a tendency exists for the humid 



' Includes 3,020 ppm COr 1 . H. 



' Includes 5,130 ppm CO)-'. 



A. Columbia River at Golden, British Columbia. July 10, 1937. Leverin (1947), I. 



analysis 388. 



B. Kootenai River at Porthill, Idaho. Oct. 1949 to Sept. 1950. U.S. Geol. Survey 



(1954d 119551). 



C. Columbia River at Trail, British Columbia. July 29, 1938. Leverin (1947), 



analysis 576. 



D. Flathead River at Columbia Falls, Mont. Oct. 1949 to Sept. 1950. U.S. Geol. J. 



Survey (1954d [1955]). 



E. Pend Orielle River at Metaline Falls, Wash. Oct. 1949 to Sept. 1950. U.S. K. 



Geol. Survey (1954d [1955]). 



F. Okanagan Lake at Kelowna, British Columbia. Taken at a depth of 25 ft in the L. 



middle of the lake, Julv 12, 1938. Leverin (1947), analysis 577. 



G. Similkameen River at Oroville, Wash. Oct. 1949 to Sept. 1950. U.S. Geol. 



Survey (1954d [1955]). 



Columbia River at Cascade Locks, Oreg. Aug. 11, 1911 to Aug. 14, 1912. Van 



Winkle (1914). 

 Columbia River below the Dalles Dam, about 3 miles above the Dalles, Wash. 



Dec. 1, 1958. Durum, Heidel, and Tison (1960). Analysis includes Ag, 



0.00015 ppm; Al, 0.238 ppm; Ba, 0.048 ppm; Co, 0.000 ppm; Cr, 0.018 ppm; 



Cu, 0.0038 ppm; Li, 0.0039 ppm; Mn, 0.014 ppm; Mo, 0.0021 ppm; Ni, 0.010 



ppm; P, 0.000 ppm; Pb, 0.0050 ppm; Rb, 0.0014 ppm; Sr, 0.112 ppm; V, 0.0052 



ppm; and Zn, 0.000 ppm. 

 Park Lake near Coulee City, Wash. Nov. 24, 1950. Unpublished U.S. Geol. 



Survey analysis. 

 Lenore Lake near Soap Lake, Wash. Nov. 24, 1950. Unpublished U.S. Geol. 



Survey analysis. 

 Soap Lake near Soap Lake, Wash. Nov. 24, 1950. Unpublished U.S. Geol. 



Survey analysis. 



