CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RIVERS AND LAKES 



G27 



Table 40. — Analyses, in parts per million, of water from the Kanto districts, Japan 

 (These data have been recalculated from Kobayashi (1955)) 



A. River Naka at Kuroiso-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



B. River Naka at Akutsu-mura. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



C. River Tone at Numata-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1943-44 



D. River Su at Naganohara-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



E. River Agatsuma at Shibukwa-machi. Mean of 8 anaylses, 1943-44. 



F. Lake Haruna at Murota-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



G. River Usui at Toyooka-Mura. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 

 II. River Kanna at Onishi-machi. Mean of 2 analyses, 1944. 



I River Kasu at Kasukawa-mura. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



J. River Tone, at Kawamata-mura. Mean of 12 analyses, 1943-14 and 1953-54. 



K. River Watarase at Ashikaga-shi. Mean of 8 analyses, 1943^4. 



L. Lake Chujenji at Nikko-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



Korat Plateau, in particular, show high concentrations 

 of sodium and chloride due to the influence of salt 

 oozing from sandstone formations. These rivers show 

 a marked seasonal cycle of concentration. Parts of the 

 Thailand drainage are not iii the humid tropics, and 

 the rest are in the region of monsoon climate. Although 

 these rivers, therefore, cannot be taken as representative 

 of rivers such as the Amazon and Congo which drain 

 mostly tropical rain forests, they are probably repre- 

 sentative of most of the tropical rivers of Asia. 



The single analysis for the Ganges in table 49 sug- 

 gests a water not very different from that of the Mae 

 Khong, and supports the belief that many tropical 

 rivers may actually contain total dissolved solids closer 

 to 200 ppm than the 100 ppni usually assumed. The 

 other analyses in table 49 are all for more or less con- 

 centrated waters. The waters of Afghanistan in 

 particular are in an advanced state of evolution. 

 Auden, Gupta, Roy, and Hussain (1942) have provided 

 a new though incomplete analysis of the water of 

 Sambhar Lake. 



Some data for Iran and Turkey are presented in 

 table 50. Almost all the lakes of Iran are highly 

 evolved sodium chloride ones. The dominance of 

 sodium and chloride is so strong, even for waters with 



M. River Daiya at Nikko-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1943-44. 



N. River Tone at Sawara-shi. Mean of 12 analyses, 1943-44 and 1953-54. 



O. River Ara at Nagatoro. Mean of 6 analyses, 1942-43. 



P. River Ara at Akabane-machi. Mean of 7 analyses, 1942-43. 



Q. River Tama at Mitake. Mean of 6 analyses, 1942-43. 



R. River Tama at Haijima-mura. Mean of 6 analyses, 1942-43. 



S. River Tama at Noborito. Mean of 6 analyses, 1942-43. 



T. Lake Yamanaka at Minamitsuru-gun. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



U. River Katsura at Otsuki-machi. April 16, 1943. 



V. Lake Sagami at Yose-machi. Mean of 11 analyses, 1953-54. 



W. River Sagami at Sagamihara-machi. Mean of 6 analyses, 1953-54. 



a total dissolved solids content of about 5,000 ppm, 

 that one suspects the presence of halite beds in the 

 vicinity. 



The Karaj River at Tehran is an ordinary calcium 

 bicarbonate stream, showing that all waters in Iran are 

 not of such strong desert types. It is probable that 

 Kerman-Kanat is only one of many waters intermediate 

 between the highly concentrated sodium chloride lakes 

 and the Karaj River. 



The best data for the Dead Sea and the waters 

 flowing into it are presented in table 51. This system 

 has long attracted the attention of travelers, and a 

 number of older analyses may be found in the early 

 editions of this book. Chloride and sodium are high 

 even in the water of Merom. In the saltier water of 

 the Dead Sea sodium is less important and magnesium 

 is the dominant cation. Notice the variations in con- 

 tent of the Dead Sea with depth. The high bromine 

 content has long invited speculation. It appears to be 

 derived from fossil residual brines of Tertiary age 

 (Ben tor, 1961). 



NEW ZEALAND 



The waters of New Zealand are very incompletely 

 known. The analyses given in table 52 are all from 

 hydrothermal districts, and can hardly be typical of 



