Neanderthalensis and Homo Sapiens have been found, 

 together with intermediate physical types. Evidently at 

 this time we see the division into the two new spceies of 

 men. 



The Neanderthalers were cave-dwellers during the last 

 glaciation, and were widely spread in Europe, Asia and 

 Africa. They had receding foreheads, with a brain capacity 

 equal to that of modern man. They are undoubtedly very 

 important in the evolution of modern man, who may have 

 originated when West European and West Asiatic Nean- 

 derthalers came together. Many Neanderthal remains have 

 today been discovered at different sites: e.g. Neanderthal 

 (Germany), Gibraltar, Le Moustier (France), Shanidar 

 and Mount Carmel (Near East); and a related type at 

 Saldanha (South Africa). However about 20,000 years 

 ago the Neanderthalers became extinct in competition 

 with Homo Sapiens, modern man evidently using his great- 

 er mental abilities to outwit the Neanderthal man. From 

 this time onwards human remains have been unearthed 

 at many places: At Cro-Magnon (France) lived tall, fine- 

 boned men with large brains bringing the new Aurig- 

 nacian stone culture probably from Asia, about 20,000 

 years ago; at Cheddar Gorge (England), 10,000 years ago; 

 at Boskop (South Africa), 15,000 years ago. About 15,000 

 years ago the three basic groups of present-day man — 

 Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid — had started to 

 differentiate, and some Mongoloids crossed via the Bering 

 Strait into America, and a few early Caucasoids moved 

 down the East Indian island chain into Australia. Traces 

 of man in America appear at Tepexpan (Mexico), Punin 

 (Peru), and Palli Aike (Argentina); these people devel- 

 oped into the American Indians in their geographical iso- 

 lation from Eurasia. In Australia evidence of man appears 



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