from places of mining and production to places of use, 

 over both short and long distances; and people have to be 

 moved from place to place as their work requires, and 

 many people will have to be moved into new areas under- 

 going development. Both very fast large, and moderately 

 fast small, aircraft are needed, as well as large capacity 

 marine cargo carriers, and powerful and small mobile sur- 

 face (land and water) vehicles. In the air, the jet powered 

 aircraft, with later the ramjet for very high altitude, very 

 fast, machines, will largely replace the more cumbersome 

 propeller aeroplane, even for medium distance flights, since 

 the problem of reducing the takeoff speed for smaller jets 

 can be solved now. For short flights, the single-engine light 

 aeroplane can compete economically with large motor 

 cars, and provide a greater speed at reduced danger. Where 

 surface movement across land and water is required, the 

 rapidly evolving hovercraft will replace separate land and 

 marine transporters: these new machines, in sizes over 

 5,000 tons, may even be capable of oceanic crossings. 

 vSpeeds of up to 100 m.p.h. appear quite possible. Hydro- 

 plane-equipped vessels, with speeds approaching 100 m.p.h., 

 will probably also be used for passenger carrying across 

 enclosed seas and lakes. For long-distance cargo transport 

 across oceans, nuclear-powered submarines towing cargo 

 carriers, at depths of about 100 feet to be out of the sur- 

 face wave zone, should make practicable rapid movement 

 of heavy and bulk freights at speeds around 60 m.p.h. 

 at reasonable cost. Such cargo submarines would be eas- 

 ily controlled at sea, safe (using long-distance asdics to 

 locate obstacles at sufficient ranges), and could carry oil, 

 chemicals, and refrigerated cargoes easily. On land, the 

 petrol driven motor car will most probably be replaced 

 by fuel-cell powered vehicles. These produce no harmful 



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