XIV 



CONTENTS 



3-14. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Systems 



(a) Nuclear-absorption Method . 



(b) Nuclear Magnetic Induction 

 3-15. Indirect Systems 



(a) Mechanical Methods . 



(b) Thermal Methods 



(c) Optical Methods. 



Chapter 4. Electrical Transducers 



4-1. Transducers Responding to Free Charges . 

 4-11. Electrode Systems 



(a) Charged-plate Electrode 



(b) Faraday Cage or Cup . 

 4-12. Gas-flow Systems 



(a) Gerdien Ion Collector . 



(b) Excess of Ions of One Polarity 

 4-2. Space Charges ..... 



4-21. Langmuir Probes .... 

 4-3. Space Potential ..... 



4-31. Potential Probes, Collectors 



4-32. Electron Optical System 



4-33. Electrolytic Trough . 

 4-4. Surface Charges and Surface Potentials 



4-41. Wilson Plate .... 



4-42. Vibrating Capacitor 



4-43. Surface Charges on Insulators . 

 4-5. Electric Fields ..... 



4-51. Indirect Systems .... 



(a) Space-potential Systems 



(b) Surface -charge Systems 

 4-52. Method Based Upon Moving Charges 



Probe) ...... 



4-53. Method Based on Luminous-gas Discharge in RF 

 4-54. Thermal Method in RF Fields . 



Chapter 5. Radiation Transducers 



5-1. Optical Radiation Transducers 



5-11. Photoemissive Transducers 



(a) Vacuum Photoelectric Cells . 



(b) Gas-fdled Phototubes . 



(c) Photo multipliers 



(d) Photocounters .... 

 4-12. Photoconductive Transducers 

 5-13. Photovoltaic Cells 

 5-14. Thermal Radiation Transducers 



(a) Radiation Thermoelements . 



(b) Radiation Bolometers . 



(c) Thermionic Detector . 

 5-2. Transducers for Ionizing Radiation . 



5-21. Ionization Chambers 



(Electron 



-beam 



Fields 



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