CAPSULE CONCLUSIONS 



which comprehends the problems, both human and technolog- 

 ical, in the building of huge complex systems and is competent 

 effectively to coordinate the elements of research, development, 

 test, and production required in the achievement of a system. 

 Those programs which have been most successful in the devel- 

 opment of these complicated systems, whether they be for 

 defense or for nonmilitary application, have usually been suc- 

 cessful because their program managers are capable not only 

 of handling the problems involving organization and people, 

 but also comprehend, with loving attention to detail, every ele- 

 ment of the system. We have a dire shortage of this kind of 

 talent. 



My final set of observations relates to the role of educa- 

 tion in advancing our science and technology. This role is 

 crucial, and much must be done from grammar school through 

 graduate school to better our education. At present, however, 

 one of our most pressing needs is to strengthen and expand 

 graduate education in science and engineering. 



In a report just made to the new Federal Council for 

 Science and Technology, a panel on materials research cited the 

 lack of highly trained scientific manpower as the real limitation 

 on the development of this important field. The panel pointed 

 to the urgent need for more and better basic research with more 

 and better people doing it. They strongly urged that ways be 

 found in our colleges and universities to increase materials re- 

 search facilities, especially interdisciplinary laboratories, in order 

 to educate more men who can make creative contributions to 

 this field. 



In the past fifty years graduate education in the sciences 

 has come to maturity in the United States. We have a few 

 centers of oreat distinction — as distinguished as anv to be found 

 in the world — but we have too few of these and only a handful 

 that excel in more than one field of science. We need more top- 



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