120 THE SHORTER SCIENTIFIC PAPERS 



A^. Apparently not originating in accordance 



with definite laws B. ABNORMATIONS. 



B^. Induced during early developmental stages 

 of the embryo from intracellular (?) stim- 

 uli, and inherited. 



C^. Arising through the abnormal segrega- 

 tion of the hereditary material (chromo- 

 somes ? ) 4. Mahegre gallons 



("mutations" in part) . 



C^. Arising by the loss of hereditary qualities. 

 D^. Resulting from the functional loss of 



a factor controlling a character 5. Defactoraiions 



("mutations" in part). 



D^. Resulting from the partial functional 



loss of a factor controlling a character 6. Fractionations 



("mutations" in part). 



B^. Induced during the early developmental 

 stages of the embryo from extracellular (?) 

 stimuli and not inherited 7. Malformations.^ 



While any scheme presented must change as new facts 

 are obtained, a terminology is of value in proportion as it 

 gives a basis for future progress. The objection that it 

 is not possible to point out a specific cumulation by no 

 means indicates the absence of such progressive varia- 

 tions taking long intervals of time, by the haphazard 

 method of nature, in which to bring about a change evi- 

 dent to mankind. That the weight of evidence, so far as 

 investigations have gone, is against evolution by means 

 of the other variations noted, makes the explanation the 

 more plausible. While it is true that Bateson ('14) has 

 urged the consideration of the proposition that organic 

 changes occur through the loss of inhibiting factors — de- 

 factorations — such a double negative theory assumes a 

 decreasing complexity instead of an increasing com- 

 plexity of protoplasm, as already pointed out by Castle, 

 ('15) and seems impossible to maintain. 



On the interpretation here presented, the diversity of 

 organic forms is more complex than earlier imagined, 

 and the problem of positive racial improvement is still 

 far from solution. Loss as well as segregation factors 



-''Many so-called malformations originate as defactorations, etc. 



