264 



CHAETOGNATHA THROUGH LOWER CHORDATA: 



atriopore. 

 atrium. 



mouth 



.common atrial opening for ring of individuals 



brain muscle bands 



testis 



mouth 



atrial opening 



endostyle/- ^eort °^°'^ 



DOLIOLUM 



mouth- 



common atrial opening 

 for ring of individuals 



CLAVELINA 



SYNOICUM 



APPENDICULARIA 



Figure 15.10 The basic kinds of tunicotes: C/ove/ino, a colonial ascidian, a sea club; Synoicum, 

 a compound ascidian, sec blubber (enlarged individual to the left, small colony to the right); 

 Dotiolum and Appendicutario, pelagic tunicotes. (From Malcolm Jollie, Chordate Morphology, 

 IReinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1962.) 



statocyst 



atrial opening 

 anus 



somewhat similar appearing "nurse stage" adult 

 which by asexual budding produces hermaphroditic 

 adults; nurse stage bears a chain of budding sexual 

 adults; open ocean forms (Figure 15.10). 



CLASS ASCIDIACEAE (Ascidians) 



Diagnosis: variable in size and shape, individual, 

 colonial, or compound, usually fixed to substrate; 

 tunic usually gelatinous, sometimes of cellulose; 

 compound type distinguished from other types by 

 many individuals being in a single tunic; compound 

 ascidians in a common gelatinous material; masses 

 varying from thin flat sheets to groups of stalked, 

 tall, irregular lobes, lobes sometimes tongue-like, 

 club-like, or hand-like, are called sea blubber or sea 

 pork; solitary and colonial types have somewhat 

 similar-appearing individuals; colonies with in- 

 dividuals connected by bases of the tunics or stem- 



Figure 15.11 Lancets, Branch/ostomo, swimming (when disturbed) 

 and feeding. An invalid scientific name, Amphioxis, often is used as a 

 common name. (From Malcolm Jollie, Chordate Morphology, Reinhold 

 Publishing Corp., New York, 1962. After Newman.) 



