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ANNELIDA AND ARTHROPODA: 



Subclass Apterygota (Gr. a-, not + pterygotos, winged) 

 Order Protura (Gr. /jro/w, first + oura, tail) — telsontails 

 Order Thysanura (Gr. ihysanos, tassel + oura) — bristletails 

 Order Collembola (Gr. kolla, glue + bole, dart) — springtails 

 Subclass Pterygota (Gr. pterygotos, winged) 

 Division Exopterygota (Gr. exo, outside + pterygotos) 



Order Orthoptera (Gr. orthos, straight + pteron, wing) — grasshoppers, crickets, roaches, 

 walking sticks, mantids and allies 



Order Dermaptera (Gr. derma, skin + pteron) — earwigs 



Order Plecoptera {Gr. pleko, fold + pteron) — stoneflies 



Order Isoptera (Gr. isos, equal + pteron) — termites 



Order Embioptera (Gr. embios, lively + pteron) — web-spinners 



Order Corrodentia (L. corrodens, gnawing) — book lice 



Order Mallophaga (Gr. mallos, wool + phago, to eat) — biting lice 



Order Anopleura (Gr. a?!o/)/M, unarmed + oura, tail) — sucking lice 



Order TTiysanoptera (Gr. thysanos, tassel + pteron) — thrips 



Order Hemiptera (Gr. hemi, half + pteron) — bugs 



Order Homoptera (Gr. homos, same + pteron) — cicadas, hoppers, scale insects and allies 



Order Ephemeroptera (Gr. ephemeros, lasting but a day + pteron) — mayflies 



Order Odonata (Gr. odontos, tooth) — damselflies and dragonflies 

 Division Endopterygota (Gr. endon, inside + pterygotos) 



Order Neuroptera (Gr. neuron, nerve + pteron) — nerve-winged insects 



Order Mecoptera (Gr. mekos, length + pteron) — scorpion flies 



Order Trichoptera (Gr. thrix, hair -|- pteron) — caddisflies 



Order Lepidoptera (Gr. lepis, scale + pteron) — butterflies, skippers and moths 



Order Coleoptera (Gr. koleos, sheath + pteron) — beetles 



Order Strepsiptera (Gr. strepsis, a turning + pteron) — strepsipterans 



Order Hymenoptera (Gr. hymen, membrane + pteron) — sawflies, horntails, bees, ants 

 and wasps 



Order Diptera (Gr. di-, two + pteron) — flies 



Order Siphonaptera (Gr. «/)Aon, siphon + a, without + pteron) — fleas 



asexual by budding, or sexual. Some animals are 

 either male or female, others are hermaphroditic. 



ANNELIDA (Segmented Worms) 



Diagnosis: symmetry bilateral; segmented both 

 externally and internally, body composed of many 

 essentially similar and ring-like segments; append- 

 ages unjointed, minute, and rod-like (setae), but 

 absent in leaches; schizocoelous; fresh- water, marine, 

 damp soil, and parasitic. 



CLASS POLYCHAETA (Marine Segmented Worms) 



Diagnosis: Locomotion, respiration, and current- 

 production by lateral, vaguely leaf-like structures 

 (parapodia) having many bristles (setae); head dis- 

 tinct, with eyes, tentacles, and palps; body without a 

 clitellum (a "collar"" covering body segments); sexes 



regularly separate; also includes a group of primitive 

 or degenerate worms (sometimes called the Class 

 Archiannelida), without parapodia or setae and with 

 only internal segmentation (Figure 14.1). 



Polychaetes are an abundant group found in prac- 

 tically every habitat in the ocean. About five kinds 

 are found in fresh water or inland in the United 

 States. Two are strictly eastern, two are found near 

 San Francisco, and one in the Salton Sea in .Southern 

 California. Many are tube dwellers which secrete 

 tubes of calcium carbonate, leathery mucus, and 

 cemented sand grains, shells, or debris. Some live in 

 burrows; others are free-living. Still others have un- 

 usual habitats such as burrows in shells, eelgrass 

 roots, kelp holdfasts, or on special animals. 



The common names of polychaetes can be asso- 

 ciated with their feeding structures (Figure 14.1). 

 Such common names are used because indentifica- 

 tion of families and orders is a beastly job. First, are 



