Index 



Boldface numbers indicate the major discussion of the topic. 



Abalone, see Gastropoda 



Abiotic areas, 365-366 ' / 



Acanthocephala, 208, 209 



Acari, see Acarina 



Acarina, 230-231, 232-234,316,329 



Acidity, 328 



Acoelomata, 204-208 



Actinaria, 202, 203 



Actinopterygii, 266, 268, 276-279 



Activity {see also Aspectation; Diurnation) 



normal range, 284 

 Actualistic Phase, 109-1 12 



atmosphere of, 4, 10-26 



origin of, 127-128 



Protista origin during, 131 

 Adaptations, 84, 119 

 Adaptive radiation, 120, 121, 370-371 

 Adaptive resemblance, 119 

 Adjustments, 84 

 Aestivation, see Dormancy 

 Age classes (see also Annuals; Biennials; 

 Perennials), competition among, 348 

 etTect on spacmg of life, 347 

 mortality in, 341 

 reproduction, 340 

 source of, 346 



difTerential tolerance in, 299-300 

 Ages of life, 361 

 Agnatha, see Cyclostomata 

 Air, see Atmosphere 

 Air masses (see also Winds), 19-20 

 Airglow, 11 

 Alcyonacea, 201-202 

 Alcyonaria, 201-203 

 Alderfly, see Neuroptera 

 Algae, 148-154, 194, 196, 198, 201, 205, 

 212, 213, 217, 220, 226, 228, 231, 238, 

 258,273,311-312,313,314,333 

 Age of, 149, 361 



blue-green, iff Cyanophyta; Lichens 



brown, see Phaeophyta 



Embryophyta compared v\ith, 156 



golden, see Chrysophyta 



green, jff Chlorophyta; Lichens 



land inhabitants, 155 



parasites, 138 



red, see Rhodophyta 



.Subkingdom, 148-154 



yellow-green, 152 

 Algin, 153 

 Alkali areas, 56, 318, 319, 321-322, 329 



Alkali marsh, 322 

 Alkali sink, 322 

 Alkalinity, 328 



effect on lakes, 321-322 

 Alligators, see Crocodilia 

 Alluvium, 44 

 Alpha Centauri, 2, 3 

 Alpine areas, 324-327, 332, 333 

 Alternation of generations, 87, 88, 89-90, 



194, 198, 199 

 Altitude (see also Alpine areas), eflfect on: 

 ecological factors, 324-325; migrations; 

 343; population composition, 347; tem- 

 perature, 304, 305 

 Amensalism (see also Biogeographical dy- 

 namics), 333, 334, 335 

 Amitosis, 86, 87 



Ammonia (see also Nitrogen cycle), in at- 

 mospheric cycle, 10, 11 

 Amphibia, 99, 150, 266-267, 268, 280-284, 



285, 295, 329, 330, 343, 344, 370, 394 

 Amphiboles, 69 

 Amphineura, 217-218 

 Amphipoda, 17, 18, 239-241, 312, 316 

 Anatomy, casting parts from, see Autotomy 

 effect on isolation, 1 17 

 as evolution evidence, 1 14 

 Ancestry, common (see also The (jlossary), 



119 

 Andreales, 162, 163,164 

 Androecium, 190 

 Andromeda, 2 

 Anemones, sea, see Actinaria; C.eriantharia; 



Zoantharia; Zoanthidea 

 Angiospermae, 156, 166, 167, 172, 183, 184, 

 186, 188, 189-191, 335, 370, 371, 372, 

 373, 385 

 Animalcules, wheel, see Rotatoria 

 Animals (see also Age classes; Biogeograph- 

 ical dynamics; Life), account of, 192- 

 297 

 of alpine areas, 326-327 

 ancestors of, 134 

 in biogeochemical cycles, 400 

 body cavities of, 103 

 of caves, 322 



classification basis, 101-105 

 colonial, 194, 198, 212, 213, 261, 263, 



348,349 

 compound, 264 

 definition of, 192 



development of, 103 



diurnation in* 336, 343 



early evolution, 102 



ecological associations, 301 



effect on: animals, 335; atmospheric 

 cycle, 10-11; climaxes, 360; communi- 

 ties, 358; plants, 335; stream erosion, 

 56-57; weathering, 40 



geological aspects of, 56-58 



of glaciers, 327 



influenced by: light, 322-323; pH, 328; 

 temperature, 305-307; water, 310-31 1 



of intertidal habitats, 312-314 



joint-legged, see Arthropoda 



largest phylum, 229 



life cycle, 90 



organization of, 101-102, 192, 205 



origin of, 98 



Protista affinities of, 131-132 



reproduction, 86, 87, 88 



segmentation of, 104 



social behavior in, 348-349 



ofsoil, 327, 329-330 



spiny-skinned, see Echinodermata 

 Annelida, 56-57, 192, 213, 215, 216, 224- 



229,230 

 Annelid-arthropod line, 224, 229-230 

 Annuals, 101,309,310,346 

 Anopleura, 247 

 Anostraca, 236, 237 

 Ant lions, see Neuroptera 

 Anteaters, spiny, see Prototheria 

 Antennae, 230, 236 

 Antennata, see Mandibulata 

 Anthocerotae, 157, 158-159, 160, 161 

 Anthocerotales, 159 



Anthozoa, 57, 198, 199, 201-203,220, 231 

 Anticlines, 62-63 

 Anticyclones, see Pressure areas 

 Ants, see Hymenoptera; Isoptera 

 Anura, see Salientia 

 Aphids, see Homoptera 

 Apoda, see Gymnophiona 

 Apomixis, 190 

 Apterygota, 244-245 

 Aquatic areas, see Fresh water; Lakes; 



Oceans; Streams; Water 

 Araneae, 220, 233, 234-235, 326, 329, 343 

 Araneida, see Araneae 

 Archaeornithes, 289 

 Arches, geological, 40, 55 



422 



