EVOLUTION 255 



himself. One sickens at the bilhons now necessarily given for war. all of 

 which would be unneeded in a decently ordered society; and thinks whar 

 tremendous advances the wide use of a fraction of that wealth would brinij 

 about if devoted to the problem of man. Just one hundred years ago Long- 

 fellow wrote: 



Were half the power that fills the world with terror, 

 \\'ere half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts, 



Given to redeem the human mind from error, 

 There were no need of arsenals or forts. 



We must revamp our economic system. We have the resources for a 

 decent life for all. Povert\' is no longer a necessitv^; it is a curable disease, 

 and it is our shame that it is still with us. Our resources must be used for 

 the good of all and not for the profit of the few. We need a new com- 

 mandment, "Thou shalt not waste!" And we need to put new content 

 into that old one, "Thou shalt not steal." This reconstruction will have 

 to be done on a world basis, for science and technolog\' have so drawn 

 the world togrether that what is harm to one is now hurt to all. 



Education must help, but it must be an education fitted to our present 

 needs, not one that is an inheritance from an ahen and aristocratic past. 

 It must be an education that fits for jobs, trains leaders and gives a satisfy- 

 ing philosophy of life. An education that makes it forever impossible for 

 one to forget that all that he has comes to him not through his own efforts, 

 but because of the sacrifices of those who have gone before; and that he 

 is not only a citizen of a national state, but a member of a world society. 

 Above all separate groups is mankind. 



WHAT WE DO NOT KNOW ABOUT RACE * 



WILTON MARION K R O G M A N 



We are, in this discussion, going to focus upon race and problems of 

 race purely from a biological angle. The approach may be illustrated by 

 an experience the writer had some dozen years ago. In 1930-31 it was his 

 privilege to study in the Galton Laborator>^ of AppUed Eugenics at Lon- 

 don Universirs'. On the first day, as he ascended the stairs to a second-floor 

 classroom, he saw on the landing-wall in front of him a huge illustration, an 

 enlargement of a cartoon that had appeared in Punch. Tv.o EngHsh coun- 

 try srentlemen were standing beside a blue-ribbon buU, and one gentle- 

 man said to the other, "We know about breeds in animals, but what about 

 ourselves?" The theme of this discussion is, then: What about breeds in 



* Reprinted by permission of the Scientific Monthly, American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science. Copyright 1943. 



